"type I and II: conservative management consists of ice, analgesics and shoulder rest in a sling"
"type III: the evidence does not support surgical intervention on type III injuries as a general rule; the selection of which patients with type III injuries for surgical intervention is difficult, but particularly thin patients, who require a great range of motion or do heavy lifting, may benefit from operative repair 2,3"
"types IV-VI: surgical internal fixation is typically achieved with a hook plate, which in most cases needs to be eventually removed. K-wires have also been used, although rare cases of wire migration into vital organs have dissuaded many surgeons from using them 2"
"Standard acromioclavicular joint radiographs consist of a clavicle series, including an AP view and a cephalic angled (10-15º) oblique view (known as a Zanca view) 7. Axillary lateral views may also be obtained 7,8."
Expected headings
"Classification"
"Complications"
"There are two main mechanisms of acromioclavicular joint injury 5,7:"
"In most cases, plain radiographs are the first-line investigation, and do well classifying injuries with vertical displacement (i.e. Rockwood types II, III and V) but are less reliable for assessing horizontal displacement (i.e. Rockwood type IV) 8. MRI may be useful in cases where plain films are thought to underrepresent the degree of injury or in higher-grade injuries 7,8."
"type I and II: conservative management consists of ice, analgesics and shoulder rest in a sling"
"A careful inspection of the periphery of the image is also required to ensure no rib fracture, pneumothorax or incidental lung, mediastinal or osseous lesion is present. These do not usually constitute 'relevant negatives', and as such, no comment is required."
"A careful inspection of the periphery of the image is also required to ensure no rib fracture, pneumothorax or incidental lung, mediastinal or osseous lesion is present. These do not usually constitute 'relevant negatives', and as such, no comment is required."
"type III: the evidence does not support surgical intervention on type III injuries as a general rule; the selection of which patients with type III injuries for surgical intervention is difficult, but particularly thin patients, who require a great range of motion or do heavy lifting, may benefit from operative repair 2,3"