"After absorption aluminium partitions primarily into the plasma with the majority circulating bound to transferrin, with a smaller fraction found within erythrocytes. Approximately half is distributed to the bone, with the remainder distributing to the heart, liver, spleen, kidney and brain. Within the cerebrospinal fluid aluminium is primarily bound to citrate and preferentially partitions into the gray matter 2."
"Related pathology"
Expected headings
"Nutrition"
"Absorption"
"Transport"
"Storage"
"Elimination"
"Acute"
"Chronic"
"Related pathology"
"Aluminium does not occur in nature in its elemental, metallic form; rather, it is typically found in various compounds which include ores, such as bauxite or gibbite, or gemstones such as sapphires or rubies In compounds, aluminium typically occurs in its +3 oxidation state 2. Elemental aluminium is a silver to white ductile, malleable metal. Exposure to airborne moisture results in the formation of aluminium oxide."
"The vast majority of aluminium is excreted unchanged in the urine; impaired renal function results in a significantly prolonged elimination half-life. Biliary elimination is less than 2%."
"The manifestations of chronic aluminium toxicity vary based upon the route of exposure and patient features; pulmonary symptoms predominant in occupational inhalational exposures whereas chronic exposure in patients with chronic kidney disease results in toxicity affecting haematopoiesis, cortical bone, and the brain. These effects include:"
"Aluminium has nine isotopes, two of which, 27Al and 26Al, occur naturally. 27Al is a stable isotope, whereas 26Al is radioactive, decaying by positron and (to a lesser extent) gamma ray emission with a half-life of 720,000 years 3."
"Nutrition, absorption, transport and storage"
"After ingestion absorption primarily occurs in the proximal small bowel primarily via passive paracellular diffusion, although active transport mechanisms are also described. Inhalational exposures to aluminium powders, fumes and dusts does result in systemic absorption which is greater with smaller particle size. Dermal absorption of aluminium compounds is likely negligible 1."
"After absorption aluminium partitions primarily into the plasma with the majority circulating bound to transferrin, with a smaller fraction found within erythrocytes. Approximately half is distributed to the bone, with the remainder distributing to the heart, liver, spleen, kidney and brain. Within the cerebrospinal fluid aluminium is primarily bound to citrate and preferentially partitions into the gray matter 2."