"A: compression fracture of the vertebrae, without tension band (ligamentous) injury"
"B: disruption of anterior or posterior tension band"
"C: displaced fracture, with translocation of one vertebral body relative to another in any direction"
"The AO Spine classification of subaxial injuries aims to simplify and universalise the classification of subaxial cervical spine fractures and improve interobserver and intraobserver reliability."
"The AO Spine subaxial cervical injury classification aims to categorise injuries into 9 main groups (A0-A4, B1-B3, and C) based on the morphology of the injury. Additional features such as facet joint injury, neurologic status and case-specific modifiers are also captured."
"NX: undetermined"
"AO Spine classification systems"
"AO Spine upper cervical classification system"
"AO Spine thoracolumbar classification system"
"AO Spine sacral classification system"
"AO Spine Classification Calculator - Rad At Hand"
"Injury type (A, B or C)"
"Neurological signs (N)"
"Modifiers (M)"
"A: compression fracture of the vertebrae, without tension band (ligamentous) injury"
"B: disruption of anterior or posterior tension band"
"A + modifier indicates ongoing cord compression."
"M2: critical disk herniation where the nucleus pulposus will be seen protruding posterior to a vertical line along the posterior border of the lowest injured vertebra"
Expected headings
"Injury type (A, B or C)"
"A: compression injuries"
"B: tension band injuries"
"C: translational injury in any axis"
"Facet injuries"
"Neurological signs (N)"
"Modifiers (M)"
"External links"
"Injury type (A, B or C)"
"The anterior tension band includes the anterior longitudinal ligament, while the posterior tension band refers to a combination of osseous and ligamentous structures, including the supraspinous ligaments, interspinous ligaments, articular facet capsules, and ligamenta flava, collectively also known as the posterior ligamentous complex."
"F1: non-displaced facet fracture (fragment size"
"F2: facet fracture that can become unstable (fragment size >1 cm; >40% lateral mass involvement or displacement)"