"type A: extraarticular unifocal or 2-part proximal humeral end segment fracture"
"A1: unifocal tubercle fracture"
"A2: surgical neck fracture"
"A3: unifocal vertical metaphyseal extraarticular fracture"
"type B: extraarticular bifocal or 3-part proximal humeral end segment fracture"
"B1: extraarticular bifocal 3-part fracture surgical neck fracture *"
"type C: multifocal, 4-part or articular proximal humeral end segment fracture"
"C1: anatomical neck fracture"
"C3: anatomical neck with metaphyseal fracture"
"The Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification of proximal humeral fractures, like fractures in other bone segments, categorises proximal humeral fractures into three groups based on the severity and complexity of the respective injury 1,2."
"The Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification of proximal humeral fractures, like fractures in other bone segments, categorises proximal humeral fractures into three groups based on the severity and complexity of the respective injury 1,2."
"The AO/OTA classification is the most commonly used system alongside the Neer classification (c. 2025) 5."
"The AO/OTA classification is the most commonly used system alongside the Neer classification (c. 2025) 5."
"The new AO/OTA 2018 classification compendium has replaced the old classification from 2007 3,4:"
"The new AO/OTA 2018 classification compendium has replaced the old classification from 2007 3,4:"
"The AO/OTA classification seems to be slightly less reliable and reproducible than the Neer classification but is ascribed a substantial descriptive power. It also seems to simplify the coding process 2."
"The AO/OTA classification seems to be slightly less reliable and reproducible than the Neer classification but is ascribed a substantial descriptive power. It also seems to simplify the coding process 2."
"B1: extraarticular bifocal 3-part fracture surgical neck fracture *"
"type C: multifocal, 4-part or articular proximal humeral end segment fracture"