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Lint: apostrophe-use-and-eponyms-1

Contractions
error

"When using a possessive it's usually by adding "'s" at the end, e.g. "the patient's disease". Apostrophes should not be used for pluralisation, e.g. "apostrophes" and not "apostrophe's"."

Line 2:28 · Never use contractions: use 'it is' in place of 'it's'.

"The other main use is to indicate missing letters in so-called 'contractions', e.g. "it's", "don't" and "you're". Some of these forms have notorious counterparts without an apostrophe that have a different meaning, e.g. its (possessive of it), your (possessive of you). Although in written English, and hence Radiopaedia, generally the non-contracted form is preferred e.g. "cannot" instead of "can't", "we would" instead of "we'd" etc."

Line 3:96 · Never use contractions: use 'it is' in place of 'it's'.

"The other main use is to indicate missing letters in so-called 'contractions', e.g. "it's", "don't" and "you're". Some of these forms have notorious counterparts without an apostrophe that have a different meaning, e.g. its (possessive of it), your (possessive of you). Although in written English, and hence Radiopaedia, generally the non-contracted form is preferred e.g. "cannot" instead of "can't", "we would" instead of "we'd" etc."

Line 3:104 · Never use contractions: use 'do not' in place of 'don't'.

"The other main use is to indicate missing letters in so-called 'contractions', e.g. "it's", "don't" and "you're". Some of these forms have notorious counterparts without an apostrophe that have a different meaning, e.g. its (possessive of it), your (possessive of you). Although in written English, and hence Radiopaedia, generally the non-contracted form is preferred e.g. "cannot" instead of "can't", "we would" instead of "we'd" etc."

Line 3:116 · Never use contractions: use 'you are' in place of 'you're'.

"The other main use is to indicate missing letters in so-called 'contractions', e.g. "it's", "don't" and "you're". Some of these forms have notorious counterparts without an apostrophe that have a different meaning, e.g. its (possessive of it), your (possessive of you). Although in written English, and hence Radiopaedia, generally the non-contracted form is preferred e.g. "cannot" instead of "can't", "we would" instead of "we'd" etc."

Line 3:406 · Never use contractions: use 'cannot' in place of 'can't'.

"The other main use is to indicate missing letters in so-called 'contractions', e.g. "it's", "don't" and "you're". Some of these forms have notorious counterparts without an apostrophe that have a different meaning, e.g. its (possessive of it), your (possessive of you). Although in written English, and hence Radiopaedia, generally the non-contracted form is preferred e.g. "cannot" instead of "can't", "we would" instead of "we'd" etc."

Line 3:437 · Never use contractions: use 'we would' in place of 'we'd'.

"Generally speaking, and mostly because of the plea above, Radiopaedia.org is in favour of omitting apostrophes wherever possible. However, there are still some cases where it's necessary. These include:"

Line 11:176 · Never use contractions: use 'it is' in place of 'it's'.
Units
error

"Although apostrophes were previously also used in the pluralisation of letters (B's), numbers and acronyms (ICD's) this use is becoming obsolete and we, therefore, advise against it and would write: Bs, ICDs, 5s, and Ss (for plural of 'S'). Read more about acronyms."

Line 4:213 · Put a space between the number and the unit in '5s'.
EG List And
warning

"The other main use is to indicate missing letters in so-called 'contractions', e.g. "it's", "don't" and "you're". Some of these forms have notorious counterparts without an apostrophe that have a different meaning, e.g. its (possessive of it), your (possessive of you). Although in written English, and hence Radiopaedia, generally the non-contracted form is preferred e.g. "cannot" instead of "can't", "we would" instead of "we'd" etc."

Line 3:90 · An e.g. list gives selected examples, so it should not end with 'and' or 'or': 'e.g. "it's", "don't" and'.
Colons
warning

"Although apostrophes were previously also used in the pluralisation of letters (B's), numbers and acronyms (ICD's) this use is becoming obsolete and we, therefore, advise against it and would write: Bs, ICDs, 5s, and Ss (for plural of 'S'). Read more about acronyms."

Line 4:201 · The first word after a colon should almost always be lowercase. In this case, it's not: ': Bs, ICDs'.

"anatomical structures that cannot be pluralised without becoming nonsense: Arnold's nerve, Waldeyer's ring, Bochdalek's flower basket, Lister's tubercle, Hoffa's fat pad"

Line 14:77 · The first word after a colon should almost always be lowercase. In this case, it's not: ': Arnold's nerve'.

"by using the rule of thumb with plurals other terms can do without an apostrophe: Morgagni hernia, Bochdalek hernia, Hoffa fracture, Meckel diverticulum"

Line 15:92 · The first word after a colon should almost always be lowercase. In this case, it's not: ': Morgagni hernia'.

"lines: Shenton line, Perkin line, McGregor line"

Line 26:13 · The first word after a colon should almost always be lowercase. In this case, it's not: ': Shenton line'.
Eponym Apostrophe
warning

"A particular note should be made on eponyms as the use of apostrophes in eponyms is debated. Many diseases, anatomical structures and landmarks are named after a person, either a patient, a doctor or someone entirely different (also see Stigler's law of eponymy). There is variation in the spelling of such eponyms when it comes to the inclusion of an apostrophe, effectively alternating between using a possessive form (Down's syndrome) or a non-possessive form (Down syndrome)."

Line 7:439 · Radiopaedia prefers the non-possessive eponym: 'Down's syndrome'.
Acronyms
warning

"The non-possessive form (without an apostrophe) is becoming more common and widely advocated; National Institutes of Health (NIH) and World Health Organisation (WHO) 1, AMA manual of style 2, Stedman’s Medical Dictionary, and Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary 3 - yes the irony that both dictionaries use the possessive form is noted."

Line 8:184 · 'AMA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.
Headings Valid
warning

Expected headings

  • H1 Terminology
  • H1 Usage
  • H1 Epidemiology
  • H2 Risk factors
  • H2 Associations
  • H1 Clinical presentation
  • H2 Complications
  • H1 Diagnosis
  • H2 Diagnostic criteria
  • H2 Diagnostic clues
  • H1 Pathology
  • H2 Aetiology
  • H2 Location
  • H2 Classification
  • H2 Macroscopic appearance
  • H2 Microscopic appearance
  • H2 Immunophenotype
  • H2 Markers
  • H2 Genetics
  • H1 Radiographic features
  • H2 Plain radiograph
  • H2 Mammography
  • H2 Antenatal ultrasound
  • H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
  • H2 Ultrasound
  • H2 CT
  • H3 Dual-energy CT
  • H2 Angiography (DSA)
  • H2 MRI
  • H2 CT/MRI
  • H2 Nuclear medicine
  • H3 PET-CT
  • H3 PET-MRI
  • H1 Radiology report
  • H1 Treatment and prognosis
  • H2 Complications
  • H1 History and etymology
  • H1 Differential diagnosis
  • H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
  • H1 Practical points
  • H1 See also

"Apostrophes in eponyms"

Line 6:1 · "Apostrophes in eponyms" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"When to use apostrophes"

Line 10:1 · "When to use apostrophes" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"When not to use apostrophes"

Line 19:1 · "When not to use apostrophes" is not a recognised heading for this article type.
Commas
suggestion

"Although apostrophes were previously also used in the pluralisation of letters (B's), numbers and acronyms (ICD's) this use is becoming obsolete and we, therefore, advise against it and would write: Bs, ICDs, 5s, and Ss (for plural of 'S'). Read more about acronyms."

Line 4:88 · More than 5 commas in a single sentence might make it more difficult to read.
There Is
suggestion

"A particular note should be made on eponyms as the use of apostrophes in eponyms is debated. Many diseases, anatomical structures and landmarks are named after a person, either a patient, a doctor or someone entirely different (also see Stigler's law of eponymy). There is variation in the spelling of such eponyms when it comes to the inclusion of an apostrophe, effectively alternating between using a possessive form (Down's syndrome) or a non-possessive form (Down syndrome)."

Line 7:282 · Don't start a sentence with 'There is'.
Semicolons
suggestion

"The non-possessive form (without an apostrophe) is becoming more common and widely advocated; National Institutes of Health (NIH) and World Health Organisation (WHO) 1, AMA manual of style 2, Stedman’s Medical Dictionary, and Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary 3 - yes the irony that both dictionaries use the possessive form is noted."

Line 8:96 · Use semicolons judiciously.