"Ta: non-invasive papillary tumour"
"Tis: in situ (non-invasive flat)"
"T1: through lamina propria into sub-epithelial connective tissues"
"T2: into muscularis propria"
"T2a: only invades inner half of the muscle"
"T2b: invades into outer half of the muscle"
"T3: invasion into perivesical tissues"
"T3a: microscopic extravesical invasion"
"T3b: macroscopic extravesical invasion"
"T4: direct invasion into adjacent structures"
"T4a: prostate, seminal vesicles, uterus, vaginal vault"
"T4b: pelvic side wall and/or abdominal wall"
"N0: no nodal involvement"
"N1: single node in the true pelvis (hypogastric, obturator, external iliac or presacral nodes)"
"N2: multiple nodes in the true pelvis"
"N3: metastasis in a common iliac node"
"M0: no metastases"
"M1a: non-regional lymph node involvement"
"M1b: other distant metastasis"
"stage 0: Ta or Tis, N0, M0"
"stage I: T1, N0, M0"
"stage II: T2 (a or b), N0, M0"
"stage III: T3 (a or b) or T4a, N0, M0"
"Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder staging uses the TNM system, which has replaced the previously widely used Jewett-Strong-Marshall tumour staging system. It is very similar to the staging of UC of the renal pelvis and the staging of urothelial carcinoma of the ureter."
"Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder staging uses the TNM system, which has replaced the previously widely used Jewett-Strong-Marshall tumour staging system. It is very similar to the staging of UC of the renal pelvis and the staging of urothelial carcinoma of the ureter."
"TNM staging (8th edition)"
"Individual TNM stages can then be grouped 3,4:"
"Ta: non-invasive papillary tumour"
"Tis: in situ (non-invasive flat)"
"T2a: only invades inner half of the muscle"
"T2b: invades into outer half of the muscle"
"T3a: microscopic extravesical invasion"
"T3b: macroscopic extravesical invasion"
"T4a: prostate, seminal vesicles, uterus, vaginal vault"
"T4b: pelvic side wall and/or abdominal wall"
"M1a: non-regional lymph node involvement"
"M1b: other distant metastasis"
Expected headings
"TNM staging (8th edition)"
"T"
"N"
"M"
"Staging groups"