"Bladder flap haematomas are an uncommon complication post-caesarian section and occur between the uterus and the posterior wall of the urinary bladder."
"Notably, bladder flap haematomas measuring less than 4 cm are generally not considered clinically significant. For patients who are haemodynamically stable, conservative treatment and broad-spectrum antibiotics may be administered as the first choice. However, in patients with severe haemorrhage or with haematoma accompanied by clinical signs of intra-abdominal infection, surgical treatment is recommended 4,5."
"The various options for treatment include conservative medical management, percutaneous or transvaginal drainage, and laparoscopy or laparotomy for significant collections."