"heptavalent equine serum derived antitoxin (suitable for patients > 1 year old)"
"In the United States, 162 cases of botulism were reported between 2011-2015, most of which were infant botulism (up to 88%). The number of cases per year and relative proportions of cases have been relatively stable for the past 10 years."
"Before 1950s, mortality for food related botulism was 60-70%. This gradually fell through the years and between 1975-2009, the mortality was 3%. In 2018, 242 cases of botulism were reported to the CDC."
"Clostridium botulinum is a bacteria found in a variety of locations including soil, rivers, sea and dust. The bacteria are also sometimes found in preserved food (vegetables, meat or fish) particularly if it is home-canned. Other bacteria of similar genus which could produce a similar toxin include Clostridium baratii and Clostridium butyricum."
"Botulinum toxin has multiple subtypes, namely A, B, E, F, G and H. The majority of cases of botulism are due to subtypes A and B. Whilst most Clostridium botulinum produce a single toxin subtype, there have been reports of some strains producing dual toxin subtypes. Of the subtypes, type A is the most potent, followed by B."
"Clostridium botulinum is a bacteria found in a variety of locations including soil, rivers, sea and dust. The bacteria are also sometimes found in preserved food (vegetables, meat or fish) particularly if it is home-canned. Other bacteria of similar genus which could produce a similar toxin include Clostridium baratii and Clostridium butyricum."
"Clostridium botulinum is a bacteria found in a variety of locations including soil, rivers, sea and dust. The bacteria are also sometimes found in preserved food (vegetables, meat or fish) particularly if it is home-canned. Other bacteria of similar genus which could produce a similar toxin include Clostridium baratii and Clostridium butyricum."
"Botulinum toxin has multiple subtypes, namely A, B, E, F, G and H. The majority of cases of botulism are due to subtypes A and B. Whilst most Clostridium botulinum produce a single toxin subtype, there have been reports of some strains producing dual toxin subtypes. Of the subtypes, type A is the most potent, followed by B."
"improper cooking, preservation or canning techniques"
"botulinum toxin injections (e.g. for cosmesis, migraine, movement disorders)"