"Divisions "
"pre-fixed brachial plexus: Formed by C4-C8 ventral rami (i.e., the roots are moved up one vertebral level - little or no T1 contribution)"
"post-fixed brachial plexus: Formed by C6-T2 ventral rami (i.e. the roots are moved down one vertebral level with little no C5 contribution).2"
"Although standard radiographs may be normal in brachial plexopathy, pertinent pathology may occasionally be seen on standard X-ray images. For example, relevant findings may include musculoskeletal disease that can cause compressive neuropathy, such as a cervical rib. Ultrasound (US) is a noninvasive, low-cost, and well-tolerated imaging modality that can supplement clinical evaluation and electrodiagnostic testing of the brachial plexus. US is especially useful because it offers dynamic imaging across a range of neck and shoulder movements. US can also guide local anaesthetic injections for upper limb surgical procedures. CT has historically been considered a suboptimal modality for assessing the brachial plexus compared with MRI. However, because CT is ubiquitous, it may be the initial cross-sectional imaging study performed, particularly in emergency and spinal imaging situations. With modern CT units, parts of the brachial plexus are evident even at routine CT of the neck, chest, and shoulder. MRI provides comprehensive imaging evaluations of the brachial plexus from the spinal cord to the terminal branches.2,3"
"Gross Anatomy"
"Radiographic Features"
"The five roots of the brachial plexus emerge from the vertebral column. They consist of the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-C8 and T1. It is important not to confuse the roots of the brachial plexus with the dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) roots of a spinal nerve. All of the roots of the brachial plexus contain both sensory and motor fibres. The branches from the roots are:"
"pre-fixed brachial plexus: Formed by C4-C8 ventral rami (i.e., the roots are moved up one vertebral level - little or no T1 contribution)"
"pre-fixed brachial plexus: Formed by C4-C8 ventral rami (i.e., the roots are moved up one vertebral level - little or no T1 contribution)"
"post-fixed brachial plexus: Formed by C6-T2 ventral rami (i.e. the roots are moved down one vertebral level with little no C5 contribution).2"
"Although standard radiographs may be normal in brachial plexopathy, pertinent pathology may occasionally be seen on standard X-ray images. For example, relevant findings may include musculoskeletal disease that can cause compressive neuropathy, such as a cervical rib. Ultrasound (US) is a noninvasive, low-cost, and well-tolerated imaging modality that can supplement clinical evaluation and electrodiagnostic testing of the brachial plexus. US is especially useful because it offers dynamic imaging across a range of neck and shoulder movements. US can also guide local anaesthetic injections for upper limb surgical procedures. CT has historically been considered a suboptimal modality for assessing the brachial plexus compared with MRI. However, because CT is ubiquitous, it may be the initial cross-sectional imaging study performed, particularly in emergency and spinal imaging situations. With modern CT units, parts of the brachial plexus are evident even at routine CT of the neck, chest, and shoulder. MRI provides comprehensive imaging evaluations of the brachial plexus from the spinal cord to the terminal branches.2,3"
"Erb palsy"
"Klumpke palsy"
Expected headings
"Gross Anatomy"
"Roots"
"Trunks"
"Divisions "
"Cords"
"Peripheral nerves (branches)"
"Radiographic Features"
"The brachial plexus consists of roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal nerves; it ranges from the neck to the proximal upper limb. Mnemonics help you learn the order of its components 1,2."