"The body of the calcaneus forms from a single primary ossification centre from the 6th month in utero.The calcaneal apophysis may appear as one or more ossification centres, typically multiple, that fuse. This normal variation should not be mistaken for pathological fragmentation when viewing paediatric imaging 8."
Expected headings
"Ossification"
"The calcaneus is an irregular, roughly cuboidal bone sitting below the talus. Its long axis is orientated along the midline of the foot; however, it deviates laterally to the midline anteriorly. It projects posteriorly to form the core of the heel."
"The anterior, middle and posterior facets of the talocalcaneal joint are on the superior surface of the calcaneus. The anterior facet is small, and the posterior facet is large, inclined anteriorly and located near the middle of the superior surface. Between these two facets runs a fairly deep sulcus, the calcaneal sulcus, which, together with the opposing talar sulcus, forms the tarsal sinus (sinus tarsi). The tarsal sinus is a large gap between the anterior ends of the talus and calcaneus on its lateral aspect."
"Superiorly, the calcaneus articulates with the talus at the talocalcaneal joint, also known as the (anatomic) subtalar joint, making contact at anterior, middle and posterior facets 6."
"lateral: tendon of fibularis brevis, tendon of fibularis longus, superior and inferior fibular retinaculum, calcaneal branches of fibular artery, calcaneofibular ligament, lateral talocalcaneal ligament, abductor digiti minimi, lateral calcaneal branches of sural nerve"
"medial: flexor retinaculum and structures deep to it (tendon of flexor hallucis longus, calcaneal branches of posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, tendon of flexor digitorum longus, tendon of tibialis posterior), abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, spring ligament, deltoid ligament of ankle, medial talocalcaneal ligament"
"lateral: tendon of fibularis brevis, tendon of fibularis longus, superior and inferior fibular retinaculum, calcaneal branches of fibular artery, calcaneofibular ligament, lateral talocalcaneal ligament, abductor digiti minimi, lateral calcaneal branches of sural nerve"