"post-radiation changes"
"Many synonymous terms have been used 11, including near-total occlusion, subocclusion, incomplete occlusion, functional occlusion, and preocclusive stenosis."
"Many synonymous terms have been used 11, including near-total occlusion, subocclusion, incomplete occlusion, functional occlusion, and preocclusive stenosis."
"Many synonymous terms have been used 11, including near-total occlusion, subocclusion, incomplete occlusion, functional occlusion, and preocclusive stenosis."
"Many synonymous terms have been used 11, including near-total occlusion, subocclusion, incomplete occlusion, functional occlusion, and preocclusive stenosis."
"Many synonymous terms have been used 11, including near-total occlusion, subocclusion, incomplete occlusion, functional occlusion, and preocclusive stenosis."
"Unfortunately, the term pseudo-occlusion has also been used in this context, mostly before the era of thrombectomy 1. Nowadays, pseudo-occlusion is probably best reserved for a similar appearance due to terminal internal carotid artery occlusion due to thromboembolism."
"Near-occlusions constitute 30% of symptomatic ≥50% carotid stenoses (NASCET-grading) 13. Traditionally, near-occlusion has been thought of as rare, but the diagnosis is easy to overlook, making it appear more rare than it is 13."
"The risk of stroke with near-occlusion is lower than that seen in severe conventional stenosis 1,14. The benefit of carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic >50% or >70% stenosis (from the NASCET and ECST trials) is only applicable to conventional stenoses (i.e. after excluding near-occlusions) 14. Existing guidelines recommend treating carotid near-occlusion with best medical therapy 8, but reviews do not support the superiority of medical therapy alone over carotid artery stenting or endarterectomy 2,3."
"Near-occlusion should be distinguished from conventional stenosis (non near-occlusion). The latter is often expressed as percentage luminal narrowing compared to the distal unaffected internal carotid artery, based on criteria used in the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET). When near-occlusion is present, percent stenosis should not be used; the grade of stenosis is "near-occlusion" instead. It is reasonable to highlight that the term indicates a stenosis-related size reduction of the distal internal carotid artery, specifying whether there is full or partial collapse."