"The exact epidemiology of cerebral air embolism is unclear, but it is considered rare. However, several studies suggest that cases are frequently missed, especially in patients with central venous catheters or those undergoing vascular procedures 10,11. Retrospective reviews and case reports indicate that the occurrence of retrograde cerebral air embolism is likely underreported, with many cases only identified post-mortem or after neurological deterioration 10,11."
"Air embolism occurs when air has access to a vessel and there is a pressure gradient favouring entry into the circulation. Multisystem involvement is common. Systemic air emboli occlude small arteries and can be fatal if they enter the cerebral circulation or coronary arteries. Small bubbles can occlude cerebral arteries causing ischaemic stroke or death. Fatal doses have historically ranged from 100-300 mL13."
"Air embolism occurs when air has access to a vessel and there is a pressure gradient favouring entry into the circulation. Multisystem involvement is common. Systemic air emboli occlude small arteries and can be fatal if they enter the cerebral circulation or coronary arteries. Small bubbles can occlude cerebral arteries causing ischaemic stroke or death. Fatal doses have historically ranged from 100-300 mL13."
Expected headings
"Complications"