Radiopaedia Helpers

chiari-malformations

List Caps

warning

"Chiari 0"

Line 11:4 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Chiari 0.5"

Line 21:4 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Chiari 1"

Line 28:7 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Chiari 1.5"

Line 37:7 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Chiari 2"

Line 45:7 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Chiari 3"

Line 52:7 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Chiari 3.5"

Line 59:4 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Chiari 4"

Line 66:4 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Chiari 5"

Line 74:4 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

Headings Valid

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Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Classification"

Line 4:1 · "Classification" should be H2, not H1.

Oxford Comma

suggestion

"The description of 'malformation' may not be accurate for Chiari 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 because there is evidence that these are defects acquired after birth ⁸. Thus, the term 'developmental alteration' or 'deformation' has been suggested for these entities instead ^8,9. Chiari 2 to 5, on the other hand, are all considered congenital malformations ⁸."

Line 3:74 · Use the Oxford comma in '5, 1 and 1'.

"The initial description by Hans Chiari in 1891, based on autopsy observations of children, included three types (Chiari 1, 2 and 3). A few years later (see below) he described a fourth type (Chiari 4). Additional types have subsequently been described, raising the total number to nine, although how these conditions are related to each other remains a topic of debate^1,9."

Line 5:124 · Use the Oxford comma in '1, 2 and 3'.

Semicolons

suggestion

"no cerebellar tonsillar descent ("

Line 14:96 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"no cerebellar tonsillar descent ("

Line 23:103 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"cerebellar tonsillar herniation (>5 mm caudal herniation in relation to the foramen magnum); with"

Line 39:106 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"cerebellar tonsillar (>5 mm caudal herniation), brainstem, and fourth ventricle herniation in relation to the foramen magnum; with"

Line 47:153 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"similar features to Chiari 2; but with"