"Exacerbations (episodes of acute pancreatitis) may present with epigastric pain. These may recur over a number of years."
"dilatation and beading of the pancreatic duct often with intraductal calcifications, could give a 'chain of lakes' appearance."
"post-enhanced dynamic assessment of ADC maps of pancreatic parenchyma, revealing delayed and reduced peak values"
"grade 0, normal:"
"grade 1, equivocal:"
"grade 2, mild chronic pancreatitis:"
"grade 3, moderate chronic pancreatitis:"
"grade 4, severe chronic pancreatitis:"
"The major risk factors for the development of chronic pancreatitis may be categorised according to the TIGAR-O system 9:"
"Endoscopic ultrasound may also be used to visualise the parenchymal and ductal changes better. EUS guided FNA can also be done."
"Endoscopic ultrasound may also be used to visualise the parenchymal and ductal changes better. EUS guided FNA can also be done."
"T: toxic-metabolic (e.g. alcohol)"
"G: genetic"
"A: autoimmune"
"R: recurrent"
"O: obstructive (e.g. choledocholithiasis, pancreatic head tumour)"
"heterogenous parenchyma"
"The exocrine function may be assessed by secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, SMRCP (a.k.a. MRCP-S). This relatively new technique has shown promising results and may replace endoscopic measuring techniques in the near future 6-8. Imaging protocols to assess exocrine function may contain:"
Expected headings
"Moderate pancreatitis (≥2 of the following)"
"Marked pancreatitis (≥1 of the following)"
"Morphological"
"Functional"
"Cambridge classification"
"T: toxic-metabolic (e.g. alcohol)"
"O: obstructive (e.g. choledocholithiasis, pancreatic head tumour)"
"abnormal side branches: presence of filling defect, severe dilatation, irregularity, obstruction or one (or more) large cavity"