Lint: diaphragmatic-rupture

"27%–62% for left hemidiaphragm injuries"

"CT is the best imaging modality for blunt diaphragm injury identification with a reported sensitivity of 56%–87% and specificity of 75%–100% ¹⁰. Certain CT signs are broadly reliable, whereas others are highly mechanism-specific ¹⁴. The use of multiplanar reformats improves diagnostic accuracy, which is not surprising given the anatomy of the diaphragm leading to high rates of missed diagnosis ¹⁴."

"CT is the best imaging modality for blunt diaphragm injury identification with a reported sensitivity of 56%–87% and specificity of 75%–100% ¹⁰. Certain CT signs are broadly reliable, whereas others are highly mechanism-specific ¹⁴. The use of multiplanar reformats improves diagnostic accuracy, which is not surprising given the anatomy of the diaphragm leading to high rates of missed diagnosis ¹⁴."

"The most accurate sign is direct discontinuity of the hemidiaphragm, which has a sensitivity of 17%–80% and specificity of 90%–100% ¹⁰. It may be seen with or without intrathoracic herniation of abdominal contents: the stomach and colon most commonly on the left side, and the liver is the most common viscus to herniate on the right side. This sign is more prevalent in blunt trauma compared to penetrating trauma, due to the larger size of the tear in the former ¹⁴."

"The most accurate sign is direct discontinuity of the hemidiaphragm, which has a sensitivity of 17%–80% and specificity of 90%–100% ¹⁰. It may be seen with or without intrathoracic herniation of abdominal contents: the stomach and colon most commonly on the left side, and the liver is the most common viscus to herniate on the right side. This sign is more prevalent in blunt trauma compared to penetrating trauma, due to the larger size of the tear in the former ¹⁴."

"sliding liver sign: liver sliding into the right hemithorax."

"diaphragmatic haematoma may show active contrast extravasation due to vascular injury, particularly of one of the adrenal arteries. Haemorrhage may extend into the paraspinal tissues and/or pleural cavities."