"Shoulder dystocia is, in practice, a clinical diagnosis. The fetal head is applied firmly to the vulva or it may retract after delivery. The characteristic hallmark of clinical turtle sign ( which should not be confused with turtle sign on ultrasound or turtle back sign ) can often be seen."
"Shoulder dystocia (SD) refers to the failure of the shoulder to be delivered during childbirth and the need for extra-obstetric manoeuvres to facilitate their passage after normal smooth gentle downward traction has failed. Dystocia literally means difficult labour."
Expected headings
"Risk factors"
"Complications"
"Maternal"
"Fetal"