"medial (ulnar) collateral ligament complex, in particular, the anterior bundle (AMCL)"
"Patients usually complain of a characteristic history of either a fall in acute instability or recurrent pain with snapping, popping, locking, clicking or clunking in chronic instability and/or the direct complaint and apprehension of subluxation 1,2."
"Usually involves acute, chronic or repetitive osseous and /or soft tissue injury of the following structures 1-3:"
"Acute instability, dislocations and subluxations usually result from a fall on the outstretched hand (FOOSH) or other acute traumatic event and the eccentric loading forces which act upon the elbow joint and its stabilising structures 1."
"Dislocations, subluxations, misalignment and associated (avulsion-) fractures or other underlying osseous abnormalities and may be seen in routine elbow radiographs 1,2,5."
"Clinical testing includes assessing the physiological range of motion in the elbow joint, where noticeable problems might already occur, as well as clinical tests such as the lateral pivot-shift test, posterolateral drawer test, posterolateral rotatory apprehension test, table-top relocation test, gravity-assisted varus stress test, etc. 1-3,5."
"Elbow instability can be classified in respect of timing (acute, chronic, recurrent), part of joint involved (ulnohumeral, radiocapitellar, proximal radioulnar), degree and direction of displacement and the coexistence of associated fractures 3:"