"an 8-13 F enteroclysis catheter (Bilbao-dotter tube)."
"Patient does not eat after midnight."
"Some centres administer metoclopramide (Reglan) immediately before the exam to aid in intubation and speed small bowel motility. This is contraindicated in patients with paraganglioma or patients with some neurologic conditions."
"Some centres administer anxiolysis and anaesthesia for conscious sedation (e.g. fentanyl and midazolam)."
"If a single-contrast or double contrast enteroclysis is to be performed, the tip may rest in the second portion of the duodenum."
"If methycellulose is to be used, the tip should be in the proximal jejunum."
"After proper positioning of the tip, barium is instilled through the catheter with syringes or a pump."
"A volume of 600-1200 mL of contrast is suggested at an initial rate of 75 mL/min 1."
"Manual compression with a paddle will likely be necessary to spread out bowel loops for optimal visualisation."
"Water may be used to flush the barium."
"A volume of 300-600 mL of contrast is suggested."
"Room air or CO2 is introduced via a pump when the barium column reaches the distal small bowel. This can be quite uncomfortable for the patient and should be done carefully and likely with sedation."
"Enteric contrast coats the bowel wall and methylcellulose distends the small bowel."
"There are multiple different techniques. One source recommends 220-300 mL of barium infused at 60-80 mL through a syringe until half of the expected intestinal loops are visualised."
"Methylcellulose may induce vomiting if it refluxes into the stomach. It will also cause urgency and profuse diarrhoea when it reaches the colon, and an enema tip in the rectum may be helpful."
"Patient does not eat after midnight."
"Some centres administer metoclopramide (Reglan) immediately before the exam to aid in intubation and speed small bowel motility. This is contraindicated in patients with paraganglioma or patients with some neurologic conditions."
"Some centres administer anxiolysis and anaesthesia for conscious sedation (e.g. fentanyl and midazolam)."
"An enteric tube (e.g. a nasoduodenal tube) is advanced beyond the pylorus"
"After proper positioning of the tip, barium is instilled through the catheter with syringes or a pump."
"The optimal flow rate depends on the patient's specifics, but may be around 50-150 mL/min"
"A volume of 600-1200 mL of contrast is suggested at an initial rate of 75 mL/min 1."
"Manual compression with a paddle will likely be necessary to spread out bowel loops for optimal visualisation."
"Water may be used to flush the barium."
"A volume of 300-600 mL of contrast is suggested."
"Room air or CO2 is introduced via a pump when the barium column reaches the distal small bowel. This can be quite uncomfortable for the patient and should be done carefully and likely with sedation."
"Enteric contrast coats the bowel wall and methylcellulose distends the small bowel."
"There are multiple different techniques. One source recommends 220-300 mL of barium infused at 60-80 mL through a syringe until half of the expected intestinal loops are visualised."
"Methylcellulose is instilled through an electric pump"
Expected headings
"General technique"
"Single-contrast enteroclysis"
"Air-contrast enteroclysis"
"Methylcellulose enteroclysis"
"Enteroclysis is a gastrointestinal technique designed to provide improved evaluation of the small bowel. The conventional fluoroscopic technique is not widely used since it is somewhat invasive, time and labour intensive, and not particularly pleasant for the patient. The exam also requires a degree of skill to perform, and often the information can be gathered through other techniques. In experienced hands, however, it is the best radiographic technique for evaluation of the small bowel mucosa."
"There are multiple different techniques that have evolved for performing enteroclysis. The following technique is one conventional approach. In some centres the patient undergoes a clear liquid diet or full bowel prep the day before the exam to clear the terminal ileum and ascending colon. Medication agents that inhibit small bowel peristalsis should be temporarily suspended on the day of the exam (e.g. narcotics)."
"There are multiple different techniques. One source recommends 220-300 mL of barium infused at 60-80 mL through a syringe until half of the expected intestinal loops are visualised."
"There are multiple different techniques that have evolved for performing enteroclysis. The following technique is one conventional approach. In some centres the patient undergoes a clear liquid diet or full bowel prep the day before the exam to clear the terminal ileum and ascending colon. Medication agents that inhibit small bowel peristalsis should be temporarily suspended on the day of the exam (e.g. narcotics)."
"Some centres administer anxiolysis and anaesthesia for conscious sedation (e.g. fentanyl and midazolam)."