Radiopaedia Helpers

Adjectival Hyphens

error

"Epidural blood patches are a treatment option for patients with craniospinal hypotension or post-dural puncture headaches in which small volumes of autologous blood are injected into a patient's epidural space to stop cerebrospinal fluid leak. The procedure can be done blind or under imaging (fluoroscopy or CT) guidance and is performed predominantly by radiologists and anaesthetists."

Line 1:123 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'post-dural'.

"craniospinal hypotension including post-dural puncture headache and spontaneous intracranial hypotension"

Line 3:47 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'post-dural'.

"Post-procedural management"

Line 26:5 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'Post-procedural'.

"Patients should be supine for 2 hours post-EBP to promote clot formation at the site of the dural tear. Vigorous exercise, long travel and constipation which may increase the risk of dislodging the blood clot or headache recurrence should be avoided⁹."

Line 27:42 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'post-EBP'.

"The success rate of non-targeted epidural blood patch is variable, reported between ~75% (range 50-95%) for craniospinal hypotension and ~95% (range 90-99%) for post-dural puncture headache. In successful procedures, the patient's symptoms will objectively improve (some only temporarily), and the imaging features of craniospinal hypotension will reverse ^1,4,5. Sometimes multiple blood patches are required for a successful outcome."

Line 40:165 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'post-dural'.

Citation Preceding Space

error

"Patients should be supine for 2 hours post-EBP to promote clot formation at the site of the dural tear. Vigorous exercise, long travel and constipation which may increase the risk of dislodging the blood clot or headache recurrence should be avoided⁹."

Line 27:253 · Citations must have a preceding space, e.g. needs evidence <sup>2</sup>. '<sup>9</sup>'

Number Formatting

warning

"The blood is then slowly injected checking frequently with the patient for symptoms and performing neurological observations on the feet. The volume injected depends on the location and size of the epidural space. It can be low (e.g. 2-3 mL when performing targeted multi-needle thoracic injection) or high (e.g.10-25 mL in non-targeted lumbar epidural injection in capacious canals)."

Line 25:315 · Check the number format against the style guide: '.10'.

Acronyms

warning

"Patients should be supine for 2 hours post-EBP to promote clot formation at the site of the dural tear. Vigorous exercise, long travel and constipation which may increase the risk of dislodging the blood clot or headache recurrence should be avoided⁹."

Line 27:47 · 'EBP' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Headings Valid

warning

Expected headings

H1 Indications
H1 Contraindications
H1 Preprocedural evaluation
H1 Procedure
H2 Equipment
H2 Technique
H2 Postprocedural care
H1 Postprocedural evaluation
H2 Radiographic features
H1 Complications
H1 Outcomes
H1 History and etymology
H1 See also

"Cannulation"

Line 13:1 · "Cannulation" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Epidural access"

Line 15:1 · "Epidural access" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Interlaminar approach"

Line 16:1 · "Interlaminar approach" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Transforaminal approach"

Line 18:1 · "Transforaminal approach" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Injection"

Line 23:1 · "Injection" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Post-procedural management"

Line 26:1 · "Post-procedural management" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

Oxford Comma

suggestion

"Once the epidural space is entered, extravascular and extrathecal location is confirmed with the injection of a small amount of contrast."

Line 21:31 · Use the Oxford comma in 'entered, extravascular and extrathecal'.

Inline EG

suggestion

"The blood is then slowly injected checking frequently with the patient for symptoms and performing neurological observations on the feet. The volume injected depends on the location and size of the epidural space. It can be low (e.g. 2-3 mL when performing targeted multi-needle thoracic injection) or high (e.g.10-25 mL in non-targeted lumbar epidural injection in capacious canals)."

Line 25:232 · Consider replacing a bracketed e.g. with an inline e.g. after a comma.

Semicolons

suggestion

"transient back pain: most common; pain may last up to 4 weeks ⁶"

Line 31:40 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Lint: epidural-blood-patch