"Catheter venography in the setting of a fibrin sheath most often shows an abnormal flow jet from the catheter endhole, where the contrast stream may be disrupted, turbulent, or refluxed along the length of the catheter under the fibrin sheath before it diffuses in the vein 2. Excessive contrast flow may come from the sidehole(s) 2. Within a looser fibrin sheath, contrast may pool. Within a long and tight fibrin sheath, contrast injected under pressure may reflux all the way back to the venotomy site and into the soft tissues 2."
"thrombolytic infusion (e.g. recombinant tissue plasminogen activator over 1-3 hours)"