"T1: typically hypointense or isointense compared with adjacent breast tissue"
"T2: can be hypo- or hyperintense"
"T1 C+ (Gd): can be variable but a majority will show slow initial contrast enhancement followed by a persistent delayed phase (type I enhancement curve); non-enhancing internal septations may be seen"
"Risk Factors"
"They are assumed to be aberrations of normal breast development (ANDI) or the product of hyperplastic processes, rather than true neoplasms. Fibroadenomas can be stimulated by oestrogen and progesterone. Some fibroadenomas also have receptors and respond to growth hormone and epidermal growth factor."
Expected headings
"Risk Factors"
"T1 C+ (Gd): can be variable but a majority will show slow initial contrast enhancement followed by a persistent delayed phase (type I enhancement curve); non-enhancing internal septations may be seen"
"patient peace of mind: some patients are simply not happy with a palpable mass in the breast without a histological diagnosis; this is a valid and reasonable indication for a biopsy"
"Depending on where you work, there may be a maximum diameter above which a biopsy should be done if no previous imaging is available. There is significant local variation in this regard. The reason for intervention based on size is that a phyllodes tumour may be indistinguishable from a fibroadenoma on ultrasound. A maximum diameter of 2.5 cm may be a useful benchmark for biopsy if you have no previous imaging. Interval enlargement is an indication for biopsy."
"On a mammogram, fibroadenomas with evolving calcifications may present microcalcifications (punctate, linear and pleomorphic) which can make differentiation from malignancy difficult. In such a case, a fibroadenoma can be considered only if these calcifications are found within a circumscribed mass or at least one additional shell-like calcification is present. Otherwise, a biopsy is warranted 10."