"Albert H Freiberg (1868-1940) was an American orthopaedic surgeon who first described his eponymous condition in 1914 8,9,11."
"In early stages of the disease, it can be managed with lifestyle modifications, immobilisation and NSAID therapy. In advanced stages, surgery can be considered. It is usually divided into joint preserving or reconstruction options 12."
Expected headings
"Early"
"Late"
"There are several classification systems used to stage Freiberg infraction, with the most commonly used (c. 2024) being the Smillie classification, which can be applied on x-ray and CT 10,14:"
"stage III: progressive central articular surface depression with peripheral projections; plantar metatarsal head is not involved"
"stage V: deformed metatarsal head with degenerative arthrosis; plantar metatarsal head involvement; metatarsal shaft thickening"
"stage V: deformed metatarsal head with degenerative arthrosis; plantar metatarsal head involvement; metatarsal shaft thickening"
"In early stages of the disease, it can be managed with lifestyle modifications, immobilisation and NSAID therapy. In advanced stages, surgery can be considered. It is usually divided into joint preserving or reconstruction options 12."