"M0: no distant metastases"
"M1: distant metastases"
"Gastric cancer staging is routinely performed using the TNM staging system. This article is based on the 8th edition of the AJCC TNM classification of malignant tumours. This is technically the clinical TNM staging (cTNM)."
"Gastric cancer staging is routinely performed using the TNM staging system. This article is based on the 8th edition of the AJCC TNM classification of malignant tumours. This is technically the clinical TNM staging (cTNM)."
"Gastric cancer staging is routinely performed using the TNM staging system. This article is based on the 8th edition of the AJCC TNM classification of malignant tumours. This is technically the clinical TNM staging (cTNM)."
"Gastric cancer staging is routinely performed using the TNM staging system. This article is based on the 8th edition of the AJCC TNM classification of malignant tumours. This is technically the clinical TNM staging (cTNM)."
"T"
" N"
"Tx: primary tumour cannot be assessed"
"Tis: carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumour without invasion of the lamina propria, high grade dysplasia"
"T1a: tumour invades the lamina propria and or muscularis mucosae"
"T1b: tumour invades submucosa"
"T4a: tumour invades the serosa (visceral peritoneum)"
"T4b: tumour invades adjacent structures"
"Nx: regional lymph node (s) cannot be assessed"
"N3a: metastases in 7 to 15 regional lymph nodes"
"N3b: metastases in more than 15 regional lymph nodes"
Expected headings
"cTNM staging (8th edition)"
"T"
" N"
"M"
"In this edition, pN3 is divided into pN3a and pN3b, and pT1N3b and pT2N3b are considered stage IIIB. Furthermore, pT3N3b is classified as stage IIIC, pT4bN0 and pT4aN2 are downstaged from stage IIIB into stage IIIA, and pT4aN3a and pT4bN2 from stage IIIC into stage IIIB 3."