Radiopaedia Helpers

Citation Preceding Space

error

"Glioblastoma also are reported to have higher rCBV values compared to metastases¹³."

Line 44:84 · Citations must have a preceding space, e.g. needs evidence <sup>2</sup>. '<sup>13</sup>'

Number Comparisons

error

"Cho/Cr ratio > 1.24: sensitivity 100%, specificity 88.9%, positive (PPV) 80.0%, and negative predictive values (NPV) 100% ⁷"

Line 56:21 · There should never be a space after less and greater than signs.

"Cho/NAA ratio > 1.11: sensitivity 100%, specificity 91.1%, PPV 83.3%, and NPV 100% ⁷"

Line 57:22 · There should never be a space after less and greater than signs.

Headings Case

warning

"MR perfusion"

Line 21:5 · 'MR perfusion' should use sentence-style capitalization.

"MR spectroscopy"

Line 46:5 · 'MR spectroscopy' should use sentence-style capitalization.

Prefix Hyphens

warning

"elevated in peri-enhancing high T2 signal parenchyma in gliomas representing presence of abnormal blood vessels ²"

Line 32:20 · A prefix takes a hyphen only to avoid a duplicate letter: 'peri-enhancing'.

"Arterial spin labelled (ASL) perfusion has also shown increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the peri-enhancing high T2 signal brain of gliomas ³."

Line 45:108 · A prefix takes a hyphen only to avoid a duplicate letter: 'peri-enhancing'.

"* the term "peri-tumoural" is unfortunate as it is now well known that in gliomas tumour cells extend well beyond the enhancing margins, and as such what is being referred to is non-enhancing tumour or "peri-enhancement""

Line 78:16 · A prefix takes a hyphen only to avoid a duplicate letter: 'peri-tumoural'.

"* the term "peri-tumoural" is unfortunate as it is now well known that in gliomas tumour cells extend well beyond the enhancing margins, and as such what is being referred to is non-enhancing tumour or "peri-enhancement""

Line 78:207 · A prefix takes a hyphen only to avoid a duplicate letter: 'peri-enhancement'.

Acronyms

warning

"higher in enhancing component of tumours, representing more intact BBB in gliomas ²"

Line 40:75 · 'BBB' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"non-enhancing "peritumoural" component *: elevation of Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA suggests glioma and reflects tumour infiltration ^6,7"

Line 54:74 · 'NAA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Cho/Cr ratio > 1.24: sensitivity 100%, specificity 88.9%, positive (PPV) 80.0%, and negative predictive values (NPV) 100% ⁷"

Line 56:76 · 'PPV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Cho/NAA ratio > 1.11: sensitivity 100%, specificity 91.1%, PPV 83.3%, and NPV 100% ⁷"

Line 57:12 · 'NAA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"Cho/NAA ratio > 1.11: sensitivity 100%, specificity 91.1%, PPV 83.3%, and NPV 100% ⁷"

Line 57:67 · 'PPV' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"NAA peak"

Line 64:7 · 'NAA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"although the NAA peak is suppressed in both glioma and metastasis relative to normal brain, a metastasis has no neuronal tissue and therefore should have no NAA, provided the voxel is entirely intralesional so as not to unintentionally include normal adjacent brain"

Line 67:25 · 'NAA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"although the NAA peak is suppressed in both glioma and metastasis relative to normal brain, a metastasis has no neuronal tissue and therefore should have no NAA, provided the voxel is entirely intralesional so as not to unintentionally include normal adjacent brain"

Line 67:169 · 'NAA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

List Caps

warning

"Cho/NAA ratio > 1.11: sensitivity 100%, specificity 91.1%, PPV 83.3%, and NPV 100% ⁷"

Line 57:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

Headings Valid

warning

Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Systemic malignancy"

Line 5:1 · "Systemic malignancy" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Non-enhancing tumour"

Line 9:1 · "Non-enhancing tumour" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Multiplicity"

Line 11:1 · "Multiplicity" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Location"

Line 15:1 · "Location" should be H2, not H1.

"Morphology"

Line 18:1 · "Morphology" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"MR perfusion"

Line 21:1 · "MR perfusion" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"MR spectroscopy"

Line 46:1 · "MR spectroscopy" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

Semicolons

suggestion

"Conversely, occasionally a patient who has a history of malignancy will have a concurrent unrelated glioblastoma; they are, after all, fairly common tumours in the elderly."

Line 8:116 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Lint: glioblastoma-vs-cerebral-metastasis