Radiopaedia Helpers

Citation Syntax

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"Diastolic flow reversal is assessed on the proximal descending thoracic aorta using pulsed wave Doppler. The sample volume is placed in the vessel centre at the level of the aortic isthmus distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery ^1-2."

Line 8:244 · Citations are separated by commas, except when the range is over 2.

"A holodiastolic retrograde flow with an end-diastolic flow velocity >20cm/s (measured at peak R wave) and a velocity time integral of >15cm is indicative of severe aortic regurgitation ^1-2."

Line 13:189 · Citations are separated by commas, except when the range is over 2.

Units

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"A holodiastolic retrograde flow with an end-diastolic flow velocity >20cm/s (measured at peak R wave) and a velocity time integral of >15cm is indicative of severe aortic regurgitation ^1-2."

Line 13:73 · Put a space between the number and the unit in '20cm'.

"A holodiastolic retrograde flow with an end-diastolic flow velocity >20cm/s (measured at peak R wave) and a velocity time integral of >15cm is indicative of severe aortic regurgitation ^1-2."

Line 13:139 · Put a space between the number and the unit in '15cm'.

Acronyms

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"Holodiastolic flow reversal (HDR) refers to a backward flow typically observed in the descending aorta during the whole diastolic phase and has been observed in the setting of moderate to severe aortic regurgitation."

Line 1:41 · 'HDR' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Headings Valid

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Expected headings