Radiopaedia Helpers

En Dash

error

"radiodensity of air at STP equals –1000 HU"

Line 4:50 · Use a hyphen-minus ('-') instead of an en-dash ('–').

"This results in a scale running from –1000 HU for air, between –100 HU and 100 HU for most tissues, around 2000 HU for very dense bone (cochlea) and over 3000 HU for metals ⁷. How these values are displayed is determined by the application of specific window and level values. See figure 2 for typical values encountered in a CT scan."

Line 7:41 · Use a hyphen-minus ('-') instead of an en-dash ('–').

Line 7:67 · Use a hyphen-minus ('-') instead of an en-dash ('–').

"CT images traditionally stored data at 12-bit depth, allowing for 2¹² = 4096 different values. These were usually mapped to represent radiodensities between –1024 HU and 3071 HU ⁷. This range adequately covers all tissues in a human body."

Line 8:172 · Use a hyphen-minus ('-') instead of an en-dash ('–').

"high noise (low dose, sharp kernel) scans of lungs can produce values far below –1000 HU, clipping these values at –1024 HU (as in 12-bit images) could disrupt image analysis"

Line 11:95 · Use a hyphen-minus ('-') instead of an en-dash ('–').

"high noise (low dose, sharp kernel) scans of lungs can produce values far below –1000 HU, clipping these values at –1024 HU (as in 12-bit images) could disrupt image analysis"

Line 11:130 · Use a hyphen-minus ('-') instead of an en-dash ('–').

Citation Preceding Space

error

"Note: STP is defined as temperature of 0 °C and pressure of 10⁵ pascals (i.e. sea-level)."

Line 6:66 · Citations must have a preceding space, e.g. needs evidence 2. '5'

Line 8:71 · Citations must have a preceding space, e.g. needs evidence 2. '12'

"CT images from newer scanners store data at 16-bit depth, allowing for 2¹⁶ = 65 536 different values ⁸. How these are mapped and what HU range is covered differs between manufacturers. The extended HU range has several applications:"

Line 9:76 · Citations must have a preceding space, e.g. needs evidence 2. '16'

Strong

warning

"radiodensity of distilled water at standard temperature and pressure (STP) equals 0 HU"

Line 3:90 · Generally, don't use bold in text: '0 HU'

"radiodensity of air at STP equals –1000 HU"

Line 4:42 · Generally, don't use bold in text: '–1000 HU'

Headings Valid

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Expected headings