Radiopaedia Helpers

Headings Spacing

error

"MRI "

Line 31:1 · Never put spaces at either end of headings.

Acronyms

warning

"haemolysis (e.g. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, ABO or Rh incompatibility)"

Line 22:85 · 'ABO' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Strong

warning

"MR spectroscopy has been infrequently reported in the literature on kernicterus; existing studies have reported increased levels of glutamine and glutamate, along with decreased levels of choline and N-acetylaspartate ⁹."

Line 38:4 · Generally, don't use bold in text: '<strong>MR spectroscopy</strong>'

Headings Valid

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Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"MRI "

Line 31:1 · "MRI " is not a recognised heading for this article type.

Commas

suggestion

"Nearly all affected infants will have clinical features of acute bilirubin encephalopathy, such as jaundice, somnolence, hypertonia, opisthotonos, and retrocollis, before manifestation of these permanent neurological signs ¹. These early signs are often unfortunately mistaken for mimics such as sepsis or hypoglycaemia ¹."

Line 13:100 · More than 5 commas in a single sentence might make it more difficult to read.

"As a result, this unconjugated bilirubin deposits symmetrically in the brain, with a predilection for the globi pallidi, subthalamic nuclei, hippocampus (especially CA2-CA3), putamen, thalamus, and cranial nerve nuclei (especially of CN III, IV, and VI) ^1,2,5-10. Macroscopically, these areas have a characteristic yellow appearance ^1,2,5-10."

Line 17:15 · More than 5 commas in a single sentence might make it more difficult to read.

There Is

suggestion

"There are numerous underlying causes for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, and thus kernicterus, in infancy ^1-3,5-10:"

Line 20:4 · Don't start a sentence with 'There are'.

"There is no disease-modifying treatment available, and the prognosis is poor ^1,2,6. Early management of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia, with therapies such as phototherapy and exchange transfusions, should be employed to prevent kernicterus ^1,2,6."

Line 40:4 · Don't start a sentence with 'There is'.

Inline EG

suggestion

"haemolysis (e.g. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, ABO or Rh incompatibility)"

Line 22:26 · Consider replacing a bracketed e.g. with an inline e.g. after a comma.

"disorders of hepatic bilirubin metabolism (e.g. Crigler-Najjar syndrome)"

Line 24:50 · Consider replacing a bracketed e.g. with an inline e.g. after a comma.

"acquired defects in bilirubin conjugation (e.g. Lucey-Driscoll syndrome)"

Line 25:50 · Consider replacing a bracketed e.g. with an inline e.g. after a comma.

Semicolons

suggestion

"MR spectroscopy has been infrequently reported in the literature on kernicterus; existing studies have reported increased levels of glutamine and glutamate, along with decreased levels of choline and N-acetylaspartate ⁹."

Line 38:100 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Lint: kernicterus