"biphasic P wave with terminal negative portion > 40 ms duration in lead V1 11"
"P mitrale (broad, bifid P wave with inter-peak duration >40 ms) in lead II 11"
"normal left atrial AP diameter"
"An accurate AP measurement is made on the three-chamber view on a gated cardiac CT. The AP left atrial diameter on a non-gated contrast-enhanced CT can only be an estimate since foreshortening of the chamber and the cardiac cycle cannot be accounted for."
"An accurate AP measurement is made on the three-chamber view on a gated cardiac CT. The AP left atrial diameter on a non-gated contrast-enhanced CT can only be an estimate since foreshortening of the chamber and the cardiac cycle cannot be accounted for."
"Atrial volume measurements are considered more accurate than either AP or area measurements. The atrial volume can be calculated with: 8/3π[(area of the four chamber view)*(area of the two chamber view)/(shortest inferior-superior length from the annular plane to the back wall of the atrium)]"
Expected headings
"CT and MRI"
"Echocardiography"
"Video"
"There are associations between left atrial enlargement and atrial fibrillation, stroke, and mortality after myocardial infarction. With a reduced incidence of mitral valve disease from rheumatic fever, the incidence of left atrial enlargement has also decreased."
"both are inaccurate and dependent on radiographer technique, inspiration and body habitus 2"
"Transthoracic measurements of left atrial volume represent one of the most robust indices of cardiovascular disease; left atrial remodelling and enlargement occurs as a function of the chronicity and degree of elevated filling pressures, and are a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality."