"By passing current through gradients created by coils of wire (gradient coils), the magnetic field strength is altered in a controlled and predictable way. Gradients add or subtract from the existing field in a linear fashion, so that the magnetic field strength at any point along the gradient is known. At the isocentre the field strength remains unchanged – a certain distance away from the isocentre the field strength either increases (positive) or decreases (negative)."
"The strength/amplitude of the gradient is determined by the amount of current applied to the gradient coil (maximum amplitude determines maximum achievable resolution). Polarity determines which end of the gradient is positive and which is negative. This can be altered by changing the direction of the current in the coil (clockwise/anti-clockwise). The speed at which the gradient can be turned on (rise time) and turned off (slew rate) – which in turn determines the maximum scan speed of the system."
"Imposing a gradient magnetic field changes both the precessional (Larmor) frequency and precessional phase of magnetic moments in a linear fashion. Faster magnetic moments gain phases compared to their slower neighbours."
"The strength/amplitude of the gradient is determined by the amount of current applied to the gradient coil (maximum amplitude determines maximum achievable resolution). Polarity determines which end of the gradient is positive and which is negative. This can be altered by changing the direction of the current in the coil (clockwise/anti-clockwise). The speed at which the gradient can be turned on (rise time) and turned off (slew rate) – which in turn determines the maximum scan speed of the system."
"The above characteristics can be used to encode the MR signal in three dimensions, using three orthogonal sets of gradients within the bore of the magnet. Gradients exist in the z, y and x axes with the isocentre at the centre of all three gradients."