"Umbilical cord entanglement is a feature which can mean either one or more loops of the umbilical cord encircling any part of the fetal body or two umbilical cords becoming entangled with each other 3. In the latter situation, it is a classical feature of a monochorionic-monoamniotic twin pregnancy. Very rarely it can occur in a diamniotic twinning with disruption of the dividing membrane either naturally or secondary to a procedure such as an amniocentesis."
"Ultrasound "
"If there is problematic flow due to cord entanglement there may be evidence of abnormal RI's and S:D ratios, the presence of diastolic notching and reduction in end-diastolic flow in umbilical arterial Doppler assessment and pulsatile waveforms in umbilical venous flow assessment."
Expected headings
"Ultrasound "
"Doppler assessment"
"Significance"