Radiopaedia Helpers

Acronyms

warning

"Oral cavity carcinoma staging refers to TNM staging of carcinomas involving the oral cavity including the mucosal surfaces of the lips. Carcinoma of the vermillion border of the lip should be staging under the 'carcinoma of skin of the head and neck region'. The vast majority of applicable cases are squamous cell carcinomas, but other epithelial and minor salivary gland cancers are also included."

Line 1:64 · 'TNM' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"The following article reflects the 9^th version published by Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) in 2025, which is identical to the 8^th version published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) in 2017 ^1,2."

Line 2:115 · 'UICC' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"The following article reflects the 9^th version published by Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) in 2025, which is identical to the 8^th version published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) in 2017 ^1,2."

Line 2:232 · 'AJCC' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"TX: primary tumour cannot be assessed"

Line 5:16 · 'TX' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"The terms pM0 and MX are not valid TNM categories. The following categories may be used:"

Line 47:39 · 'TNM' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Headings Case

warning

"Primary tumour (T)"

Line 3:5 · 'Primary tumour (T)' should use sentence-style capitalization.

"Regional lymph node (N)"

Line 44:5 · 'Regional lymph node (N)' should use sentence-style capitalization.

"Distant metastases (M)"

Line 46:5 · 'Distant metastases (M)' should use sentence-style capitalization.

List Caps

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"Tis: carcinoma in situ"

Line 6:16 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"T4a: moderately advanced local disease:"

Line 26:12 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"T4b: very advanced local disease:"

Line 33:12 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Tis, N0, M0"

Line 58:12 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"T4a, [N0, N1], M0"

Line 78:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"T4b, [Any N], M0"

Line 86:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

Litotes

warning

"The 8th version places importance on depth of invasion for primary tumour staging ⁴, which is correlated with, but not the same as, tumour thickness assessed radiologically ⁵. Pathologically, the depth of invasion is defined relative to the horizon of the nearest normal mucosal surface ⁶. Thus, depth of invasion is greater than tumour thickness when the tumour is ulcerative, and depth of invasion is less than tumour thickness when the tumour is exophytic. Emerging research has demonstrated a high correlation between the radiologic depth of invasion measured on intraoperative ultrasound and the histopathologic depth of invasion ⁷."

Line 95:130 · Consider using 'different' instead of 'not the same'

Headings Valid

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Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Primary tumour (T)"

Line 3:1 · "Primary tumour (T)" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Regional lymph node (N)"

Line 44:1 · "Regional lymph node (N)" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Distant metastases (M)"

Line 46:1 · "Distant metastases (M)" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Stage groups"

Line 53:1 · "Stage groups" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Changes since prior versions"

Line 94:1 · "Changes since prior versions" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

Inline EG

suggestion

"tumour invades adjacent structures (e.g. through cortical bone of mandible or maxilla*, into the maxillary sinus, into the skin of face**)"

Line 29:43 · Consider replacing a bracketed e.g. with an inline e.g. after a comma.

Semicolons

suggestion

"The dry vermilion lip has been removed from the definition of oral cavity; tumours affecting that site are instead classified with cutaneous carcinoma of the head and neck. Moreover, the distinction between lip and oral cavity for T4a criteria has been removed."

Line 97:77 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Lint: oral-cavity-carcinoma-staging