"Oropharyngeal (p16-) cancer staging refers to TNM staging of carcinomas originating in the oropharynx that are not human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated. This system most commonly pertains to squamous cell carcinomas that tested negative for p16, an immunohistochemical proxy for HPV infection, or were not tested. Rarer oropharyngeal tumours, such as neuroendocrine carcinomas, for which p16 assessment is not required, are also included in this staging system, except for mucosal melanoma, which has its own staging system."
"The following article reflects the 9th version published by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) in 2025, which is identical to the 8th version published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) in 2017 1,2."
"The following article reflects the 9th version published by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) in 2025, which is identical to the 8th version published by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) in 2017 1,2."
"TX: primary tumour cannot be assessed"
"*Note: According to the AJCC 8th edition, involvement of the palatoglossus muscle within the oropharynx does not change the T category and this criterion mainly denotes invasion "anteriorly to the extrinsic muscles of the tongue in the floor of the mouth" 2."
"The terms pM0 and MX are not valid TNM categories. The following categories may be used:"
"Primary tumour (T)"
"Regional lymph node (N)"
"Distant metastases (M)"
"Tis: carcinoma in situ"
"T4a: moderately advanced local disease in which tumour invades any of the following:"
"T4b: very advanced local disease in which tumour encases carotid artery or invades any of the following:"
"Tis, N0, M0"
"T4a, [N0, N1], M0"
"T4b, [Any N], M0"
"*Note: According to the AJCC 8th edition, involvement of the palatoglossus muscle within the oropharynx does not change the T category and this criterion mainly denotes invasion "anteriorly to the extrinsic muscles of the tongue in the floor of the mouth" 2."
Expected headings
"Staging"
"Primary tumour (T)"
"Regional lymph node (N)"
"Distant metastases (M)"
"Stage groups"
"Changes since prior versions"