"There is some overlap with the terms radiation osteitis and radio-osteonecrosis. The condition most often occurs after radiotherapy and then might be referred to as post-radiotherapy osteonecrosis 13."
"With mandibular osteoradionecrosis, there can be ill-defined cortical destruction without sequestration. In osteoradionecrosis of the ribs, clavicle, scapula, and humerus, radiography may demonstrate 2 :"
"With mandibular osteoradionecrosis, there can be ill-defined cortical destruction without sequestration. In osteoradionecrosis of the ribs, clavicle, scapula, and humerus, radiography may demonstrate 2 :"
"T1: high signal intensity"
"T2: intermediate signal intensity"
"Store and Boysen 11:"
"Modified Marx 12:"
"Stage III = full thickness bone damage and/or pathologic fracture/ fistula. Often requires complete resection."
"Marx's theory, or hypoxic-hypocellular-hypovascular theory was first proposed in 1983 and describes a process of radiation induced hypovascularity, hypoxia and hypocellularity 14. This theory provides the rationale for hyperbaric oxygen therapy."
"Marx's theory, or hypoxic-hypocellular-hypovascular theory was first proposed in 1983 and describes a process of radiation induced hypovascularity, hypoxia and hypocellularity 14. This theory provides the rationale for hyperbaric oxygen therapy."
"The fibroatrophic theory was first proposed by Delanian in 2004 and suggests that radiation damage induces fibroblast dysregulation leading to inability to repair tissue damage 15. This theory provides the rationale for antioxidant and anti fibrotic therapies."
"Store and Boysen 11:"
"Store and Boysen 11:"
"Modified Marx 12:"
"Modified Marx 12:"
"Stage 0 = mucosal defects only"
Expected headings
"Staging"
"There is some overlap with the terms radiation osteitis and radio-osteonecrosis. The condition most often occurs after radiotherapy and then might be referred to as post-radiotherapy osteonecrosis 13."
"Marx's theory, or hypoxic-hypocellular-hypovascular theory was first proposed in 1983 and describes a process of radiation induced hypovascularity, hypoxia and hypocellularity 14. This theory provides the rationale for hyperbaric oxygen therapy."
"On MRI, there can be development of new heterogeneous signal within the marrow of an irradiated area (intermediate or low T1 signal, intermediate or high T2 signal). Osteoradionecrosis with or without osteomyelitis can be extremely difficult to differentiate from a recurrent tumour. Adjacent muscles may appear oedematous and show intense enhancement, which can be difficult to differentiate from recurrent tumour if bone changes are not visible on CT 10."
"To give a meaningful differentiation, location and imaging modality needs to be taken into account. General differential consideration includes:"