"stage I: tumour limited to the ovaries"
"stage Ia: "
"stage Ib: "
"stage Ic: "
"stage Ic1: surgical/intraoperative spill"
"stage Ic2: capsule ruptured before surgery, or tumour on ovarian or fallopian tube surface"
"stage Ic3: malignant cells in the ascites or peritoneal washings"
"stage II: tumour involves one or both ovaries with pelvic extension or primary peritoneal cancer (below pelvic brim)"
"stage IIa: extension or implants on the uterus or fallopian tubes"
"stage IIb: extension to other pelvic intraperitoneal tissues"
"stage III: tumour involves one or both ovaries or fallopian tubes with cytologically or histologically confirmed spread to the peritoneum outside the pelvis and/or metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes"
"stage IIIa: positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes and /or microscopic metastasis beyond the pelvis:"
"stage IIIa1: positive (cytologically or histologically proven) retroperitoneal lymph nodes only"
"stage IIIa1(i): metastatic retroperitoneal node measuring ≤10 mm"
"stage IIIa1(ii): metastatic retroperitoneal node measuring >10 mm"
"stage IIIa2: microscopic extrapelvic (above the pelvic brim) peritoneal involvement with or without positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes"
"stage IIIb: macroscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond the pelvis up ≤2 cm in greatest dimension, with or without metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes"
"stage IIIc: macroscopic extrapelvic peritoneal metastases >2 cm in greatest dimension, with or without metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes"
"stage IV: consists of distant metastasis, excluding peritoneal metastases, and includes the following:"
"stage IVa: pleural effusion with positive cytology"
"stage IVb: distant metastases"
"Notes:"
"The most commonly adopted ovarian cancer staging system is the FIGO staging system. The staging system is from 2014 1:"
"FIGO staging system"
"one of the potential difficulties in differentiating stage II from stage III disease is differentiating between involvement of pelvic and extra-pelvic peritoneum 3"
Expected headings
"Notes:"
"tumour involves both ovaries; otherwise similar to stage Ia"
"stage IIIb: macroscopic peritoneal metastasis beyond the pelvis up ≤2 cm in greatest dimension, with or without metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes"
"stage IIIc: macroscopic extrapelvic peritoneal metastases >2 cm in greatest dimension, with or without metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes"