"access to or drainage of the biliary tree following failed ERCP and PTC"
"access to or drainage of the biliary tree following failed ERCP and PTC"
"The catheter can be removed once the tract is mature. When PC placement is done via the transhepatic route, most patients typically need two weeks for tract maturation, and when it is done via the transperitoneal route, it usually takes at least three weeks 15. A trial of clamping the catheter for 24 hours is usually done prior to removing the catheter."
"Seldinger technique:"
"Seldinger vs Trocar technique"
Expected headings
"Absolute contraindications"
"Relative contraindications"
"Preprocedural evaluation"
"Laboratory parameters for a safe procedure"
"Positioning and room set-up"
"Equipment list"
"Transhepatic vs transperitoneal approach"
"Seldinger technique"
"Trocar technique"
"Seldinger vs Trocar technique"
"review all available imaging to confirm the indication for the procedure; previous imaging studies help to assess gallbladder anatomy and plan safe access routes to the gallbladder"
"administer broad-spectrum IV antibiotics 1-4 hours prior to the procedure; septic patients are often already on parenteral antibiotics"
"apply 1% lidocaine local anaesthetic; anaesthetise the liver capsule when using a transhepatic route"
"transperitoneal route: avoids the liver, reducing bleeding risk and making it preferable for patients with liver disease or coagulopathy; however, it carries a higher risk of peritoneal bile leak, which could lead to peritonitis 12"
"Load an 8 Fr locking pigtail catheter over a trocar. Advance the catheter assembly into the gallbladder lumen under ultrasound guidance; it is usually possible to visualise tip in the gallbladder lumen. Aspiration of bile/pus from the drain confirms a satisfactory position. Unscrew trocar from catheter; advance catheter over trocar into gallbladder, then remove trocar and lock pigtail."
"Load an 8 Fr locking pigtail catheter over a trocar. Advance the catheter assembly into the gallbladder lumen under ultrasound guidance; it is usually possible to visualise tip in the gallbladder lumen. Aspiration of bile/pus from the drain confirms a satisfactory position. Unscrew trocar from catheter; advance catheter over trocar into gallbladder, then remove trocar and lock pigtail."
"There are widely divergent opinions about the safe values of these indices for percutaneous procedures. The values suggested below were considered based on the literature review, whose references are cited below."
"There are two main approaches for percutaneous cholecysostomy 12:"
"This procedure is often performed using ultrasound guidance, which was chosen to describe the procedure in this article. Alternatively, modalities such as fluoroscopy or CT can also be used depending on the clinical situation, availability and local expertise:"