"The use of Gd-DTPA with routine imaging sequences of the liver is unsatisfactory. Particulate contrast agents targeted to the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of the liver and spleen, achieve the goals of improved detection and localisation in the liver. This is analogous to the use of 99mTc-sulfur colloid in nuclear liver scans."
"The use of Gd-DTPA with routine imaging sequences of the liver is unsatisfactory. Particulate contrast agents targeted to the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of the liver and spleen, achieve the goals of improved detection and localisation in the liver. This is analogous to the use of 99mTc-sulfur colloid in nuclear liver scans."
"the one hour delay between injection and imaging make it impractical to decide at the last minute to give contrast."
"targeting specific organ systems, e.g., liver, spleen, and bone marrow."
"Magnetite (Fe3O4)"
"targeting specific organ systems, e.g., liver, spleen, and bone marrow."
"Differentiation of metastases from fibrosis, lipomatosis and cysts is possible with resected lymph nodes in a 4.7 T magnet using voxels of size 0.1 by 0.1 by 1.0 mm; however, gradient strength and switching capabilities are not adequate in clinical scanners to obtain the necessary spatial resolution. This inadequacy of clinical MRI is circumvented by the use of USPIO."
"USPIO particles with a mean diameter of 80 nm may be injected into the interstitium of the foot pad of rats. After a suitable delay, marked loss of signal of normal lymph nodes is seen. Metastatic nodes show less uptake resulting in less decrease in signal, allowing differentiation of normal-sized, metastatic nodes from uninvolved, normal nodes. From experience with conventional lymphangiography, this route of injection is unlikely to opacify all the abdominal lymph nodes 5."
"USPIO particles, with a median diameter less than 10 nm, will localise in lymph nodes following an IV injection. This material does not undergo uptake by the RE system as rapidly as larger particles, resulting in a longer plasma half-life in rats (81 minutes vs 6 minutes). This factor and its small size allow transcapillary passage either into the interstitium and then to the lymph nodes or directly into the lymph nodes. In the rat model, IV injection of USPIO allows differentiation of normal lymph nodes from normal size metastatic nodes based on differences in signal characteristics. MR microscopy of excised lymph nodes, performed at 9.4 T shows the USPIO to be associated with macrophages in the medullary sinuses."
"USPIO particles, with a median diameter less than 10 nm, will localise in lymph nodes following an IV injection. This material does not undergo uptake by the RE system as rapidly as larger particles, resulting in a longer plasma half-life in rats (81 minutes vs 6 minutes). This factor and its small size allow transcapillary passage either into the interstitium and then to the lymph nodes or directly into the lymph nodes. In the rat model, IV injection of USPIO allows differentiation of normal lymph nodes from normal size metastatic nodes based on differences in signal characteristics. MR microscopy of excised lymph nodes, performed at 9.4 T shows the USPIO to be associated with macrophages in the medullary sinuses."
"USPIO particles, with a median diameter less than 10 nm, will localise in lymph nodes following an IV injection. This material does not undergo uptake by the RE system as rapidly as larger particles, resulting in a longer plasma half-life in rats (81 minutes vs 6 minutes). This factor and its small size allow transcapillary passage either into the interstitium and then to the lymph nodes or directly into the lymph nodes. In the rat model, IV injection of USPIO allows differentiation of normal lymph nodes from normal size metastatic nodes based on differences in signal characteristics. MR microscopy of excised lymph nodes, performed at 9.4 T shows the USPIO to be associated with macrophages in the medullary sinuses."
"USPIO particles, with a median diameter less than 10 nm, will localise in lymph nodes following an IV injection. This material does not undergo uptake by the RE system as rapidly as larger particles, resulting in a longer plasma half-life in rats (81 minutes vs 6 minutes). This factor and its small size allow transcapillary passage either into the interstitium and then to the lymph nodes or directly into the lymph nodes. In the rat model, IV injection of USPIO allows differentiation of normal lymph nodes from normal size metastatic nodes based on differences in signal characteristics. MR microscopy of excised lymph nodes, performed at 9.4 T shows the USPIO to be associated with macrophages in the medullary sinuses."
Expected headings
"Liver and spleen"
"Gadolinium oxide"
"Magnetite (Fe3O4)"
"Superparamagnetic iron oxide"
"Liposomes"
"Lymph nodes"
"Differentiation of metastases from fibrosis, lipomatosis and cysts is possible with resected lymph nodes in a 4.7 T magnet using voxels of size 0.1 by 0.1 by 1.0 mm; however, gradient strength and switching capabilities are not adequate in clinical scanners to obtain the necessary spatial resolution. This inadequacy of clinical MRI is circumvented by the use of USPIO."
"Differentiation of metastases from fibrosis, lipomatosis and cysts is possible with resected lymph nodes in a 4.7 T magnet using voxels of size 0.1 by 0.1 by 1.0 mm; however, gradient strength and switching capabilities are not adequate in clinical scanners to obtain the necessary spatial resolution. This inadequacy of clinical MRI is circumvented by the use of USPIO."