"Dynamic radiography provides functional data, where stability is defined by less than 3° of angular rotation and 3–5 mm of translational movement, alongside structural evidence of bone bridging. Failure on dynamic films is indicated by an angular threshold of 5° or more, translational movement of 5 mm or more, or significant displacement of pedicle screws and cages 3."
"SPECT/CT demonstrates successful fusion through mild or absent tracer uptake at the fusion site in the late phase and symmetric uptake across the fusion mass. Focal or intense uptake at the graft–host interface or adjacent to instrumentation, as well as persistent or increasing uptake, are indicative of non-union or instrumentation-related issues 3."
"SPECT/CT demonstrates successful fusion through mild or absent tracer uptake at the fusion site in the late phase and symmetric uptake across the fusion mass. Focal or intense uptake at the graft–host interface or adjacent to instrumentation, as well as persistent or increasing uptake, are indicative of non-union or instrumentation-related issues 3."
Expected headings
"Congenital fusion"
"Acquired fusion"
"Surgical fusion"
"Techniques"
"Radiologic evaluation"
"Plain radiograph"
"CT"
"MRI"
"Nuclear medicine"
"Fusion of two or more adjacent segments is encountered either as an isolated, usually incidental, finding or in a variety of conditions with multiple other defects:"