"Songer cables (braided titanium or stainless steel – more pliable)"
"Clamps and hooks have been as a posterior cervical fusion technique in atlantoaxial fixation or conjunction with a pre-contoured rod-screw system for occipitocervical fusion."
"pre-contoured occipitocervical rods"
"Songer cables (braided titanium or stainless steel – more pliable)"
"Halifax clamps"
"Haid plate"
"Ohio Medical Instruments Loop"
"Hartshill-Ransford contoured loop"
"Harrington rod (lengthenable rods hooked to the laminar surface of the concave side of scoliosis, used in the 1960s-1990s)"
"Luque rod (posterior thoracolumbar stabilisation with sublaminar wires, not used anymore)"
"Wallis (interspinous PEEK spacer fixed with Dacron bands)"
"Coflex (U-shaped titanium implant with vertical wings)"
"synthetic cages (PEEK)"
"carbon composite cages (e.g. PLDLLA)"
"Rods are used as connecting elements for posterolateral thoracic, lumbar, lumbosacral and spinopelvic fusion procedures (e.g. PLIF and TLIF) and for scoliosis surgery 2."
"Rods are used as connecting elements for posterolateral thoracic, lumbar, lumbosacral and spinopelvic fusion procedures (e.g. PLIF and TLIF) and for scoliosis surgery 2."
"Wallis (interspinous PEEK spacer fixed with Dacron bands)"
Expected headings
"Cervical spine instrumentation hardware"
"Wires and cables"
"Screws"
"Clamps and hooks"
"Plates"
"Rods"
"Cages"
"Artificial cervical discs"
"Thoracolumbar spine instrumentation hardware"
"Wires and cables"
"Screws"
"Plates"
"Rods"
"Interbody spacers and vertebral body replacements"
"Artificial discs"
"Dynamic stabilisation devices"
"Interspinous devices"
"carbon composite cages (e.g. PLDLLA)"
"Nowadays wires and cables are not commonly used for instrumentation of the thoracic lumbar spine. They have been used in conjunction with other implants (e.g. Hartshill rectangles)."
"Similar to rods plates are used as connecting elements more often in spinal surgeries with a fusion of fewer levels and with an anterior, oblique or lateral approach."
"Rods are used as connecting elements for posterolateral thoracic, lumbar, lumbosacral and spinopelvic fusion procedures (e.g. PLIF and TLIF) and for scoliosis surgery 2."
"Interbody spacers and vertebral body replacements include cages and solid tapered constructs. Various implants exist including rigid, expandable and stackable devices, which might be combined with rod-screw or plate-screw constructs 2,4. Some of them feature integral interlocking or fixation mechanisms 6."
"Artificial discs are used in lumbar disc replacements with symptomatic degenerative disc disease but with the absence of significant facet joint arthritis, spondylolisthesis or instability 2. Semiconstrained ball-and-socket devices and unconstrained devices exist. Some of them have a metal-on-metal interface others come with metal endplates and a polyethene liner 7."