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Lint: stress-shielding-of-the-proximal-femur

stress-shielding-of-the-proximal-femur
Citation Punctuation Space
error

"Stress shielding of the proximal femur refers to local bone demineralisation due to the alleviation of normal weight-bearing stresses after hip arthroplasty. This is more common in non-cemented arthroplasties 4 . Some degree of radiographically evident stress shielding is common and clinically acceptable 1, but advanced cases can increase the risk of periprosthetic fracture 2."

Line 1:237 · Citations should not have spaces between themselves and punctuation. '<sup>4</sup> .'
Colon Spacing
error

"Grade 1 :represents mild proximal medial cortical changes, with rounding of the femoral neck."

Line 37:22 · A colon takes no space before it: '1 :'.

"Grade 2 :shows more definite resorption of the medial cortex around the lesser trochanter."

Line 38:22 · A colon takes no space before it: '2 :'.

"Grade 4 :represents extensive proximal cortical loss extending further into the femoral diaphysis."

Line 40:22 · A colon takes no space before it: '4 :'.
List Punctuation
error

"Grade 1 :represents mild proximal medial cortical changes, with rounding of the femoral neck."

Line 37:113 · Do not put full stops at the end of a list item.

"Grade 2 :shows more definite resorption of the medial cortex around the lesser trochanter."

Line 38:104 · Do not put full stops at the end of a list item.

"Grade 4 :represents extensive proximal cortical loss extending further into the femoral diaphysis."

Line 40:113 · Do not put full stops at the end of a list item.
Strong
warning

"Pathophysiology"

Line 2:5 · Generally, don't use bold in text: '<strong>Pathophysiology</strong>'

"Risk factors"

Line 12:5 · Generally, don't use bold in text: '<strong>Risk factors</strong>'

"Imaging findings"

Line 24:5 · Generally, don't use bold in text: '<strong>Imaging findings</strong>'

"Complications"

Line 42:5 · Generally, don't use bold in text: '<strong>Complications</strong>'

"Management"

Line 46:5 · Generally, don't use bold in text: '<strong>Management</strong>'
List Caps
warning

"Reduced mechanical stimulus to the proximal femur"

Line 6:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Progressive proximal bone remodelling and resorption"

Line 7:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Redistribution of load towards the distal femur"

Line 8:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Cementless femoral stems"

Line 15:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Larger stem diameter"

Line 16:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Greater stem stiffness"

Line 17:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Low preoperative bone mineral density"

Line 18:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Thin/atrophic femoral cortices"

Line 19:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Older age"

Line 20:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Higher body weight"

Line 21:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Stem designs that transfer a greater proportion of load distally"

Line 22:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Proximal femoral osteopenia"

Line 27:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Reduction in cortical thickness"

Line 28:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Resorption/rounding of the medial femoral neck or calcar"

Line 29:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"More pronounced changes in Gruen zones 1 and 7"

Line 30:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Distal cortical hypertrophy may accompany proximal stress shielding"

Line 32:8 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Grade 1 :represents mild proximal medial cortical changes, with rounding of the femoral neck."

Line 37:16 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Grade 2 :shows more definite resorption of the medial cortex around the lesser trochanter."

Line 38:16 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Grade 3 :the cortical resorption extends below the lesser trochanter"

Line 39:16 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.

"Grade 4 :represents extensive proximal cortical loss extending further into the femoral diaphysis."

Line 40:16 · In general, we don't start a list item with a capital letter. Exceptions are proper nouns.
Headings Valid
warning

Expected headings

  • H1 Usage
  • H1 Classification
  • H1 History and etymology
  • H1 Related pathology
  • H1 See also

"Pathophysiology"

Line 2:1 · "<strong>Pathophysiology</strong>" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Risk factors"

Line 12:1 · "<strong>Risk factors</strong>" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Imaging findings"

Line 24:1 · "<strong>Imaging findings</strong>" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Plain radiograph"

Line 25:1 · "Plain radiograph" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Complications"

Line 42:1 · "<strong>Complications</strong>" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Management"

Line 46:1 · "<strong>Management</strong>" is not a recognised heading for this article type.
Oxford Comma
suggestion

"The degree of stress shielding is influenced by the stiffness, geometry and fixation characteristics of the femoral stem as well as the patient’s pre-existing bone quality."

Line 11:56 · Use the Oxford comma in 'stiffness, geometry and fixation'.

"Severe or progressive bone loss with implant loosening, fracture or significant symptoms may require revision arthroplasty"

Line 48:49 · Use the Oxford comma in 'loosening, fracture or significant'.
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