"type I: undisplaced fracture"
"type II: displaced fracture with subluxation or dislocation of the subtalar joint but congruent tibiotalar joint"
"type III: displaced fracture with subtalar and tibiotalar joint dislocations"
"Canale view: 15° internal rotation, with 15° tube angle from vertical (similar tube angle to an AP foot) better demonstrates the fracture 5"
"Canale view: 15° internal rotation, with 15° tube angle from vertical (similar tube angle to an AP foot) better demonstrates the fracture 5"
"may require initial percutaneous pinning prior to definitive open reduction - internal fixation (ORIF) to allow adequate time for soft tissues to settle 6"
"hardware or peri-hardware fracture"
Expected headings
"Mechanism"
"Classification"
"Complications"
"These fractures usually result from forced hyperdorsiflexion of the ankle with associated axial loading. There may be a rotational component with hindfoot supination and impact on the medial malleolus 6. They are usually a result of high-energy mechanisms. There is a 20-38% incidence of open injuries and 50% incidence of other associated injuries 6."