"Pre-procedure evaluation"
"Contrast can be injected to exclude an intravascular or intradural needle tip location 6. When contrast is injected, only a small volume (e.g. 0.5-1 mL iodinated contrast media) is needed, the pattern of contrast dispersion (e.g. focal non-linear, linear, tram-track) nor the location (e.g. extraforaminal, foraminal or in the lateral recess) has not been shown to influence clinical outcomes 2,4,6."
Expected headings
"Pre-procedure evaluation"
"Transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESI), also known as transforaminal nerve root injections or nerve root blocks, are performed for the treatment and diagnosis of radicular pain. They differ from selective nerve root blocks (SNRB), aiming to get an "epidural spill" and inject the injectate into the epidural space. TFESIs are less selective than SNRBs, which are more accurate diagnostically. However, SNRBs and TFESIs are terms used interchangeably in the literature."
"Reviewing past imaging should aid the practitioner in technique and equipment selection. Correlating the patient's history and examination with the imaging findings is key to ensuring the correct side, level and procedure type (e.g. epidural vs selective) is performed."
"Contrast can be injected to exclude an intravascular or intradural needle tip location 6. When contrast is injected, only a small volume (e.g. 0.5-1 mL iodinated contrast media) is needed, the pattern of contrast dispersion (e.g. focal non-linear, linear, tram-track) nor the location (e.g. extraforaminal, foraminal or in the lateral recess) has not been shown to influence clinical outcomes 2,4,6."
"spinal cord infarction, which can occur with particulate and non-particulate steroids; other mechanisms such as vasospasm or dissection proposed"