"TNF-alpha and its receptors "
"Tumour necrosis factor, (TNF), typically represented by TNF-alpha (TNF-α), is a pleiotropic cytokine that acts on various tissues and cell types and plays a critical role in regulating the cell life cycle. It exerts a range of context-dependent immune-modulating effects across a wide variety of tissues and cell types, hence the term pleiotropic 3:"
"Tumour necrosis factor, (TNF), typically represented by TNF-alpha (TNF-α), is a pleiotropic cytokine that acts on various tissues and cell types and plays a critical role in regulating the cell life cycle. It exerts a range of context-dependent immune-modulating effects across a wide variety of tissues and cell types, hence the term pleiotropic 3:"
"Tumour necrosis factor, (TNF), typically represented by TNF-alpha (TNF-α), is a pleiotropic cytokine that acts on various tissues and cell types and plays a critical role in regulating the cell life cycle. It exerts a range of context-dependent immune-modulating effects across a wide variety of tissues and cell types, hence the term pleiotropic 3:"
"macrophages: TNF-α is produced by macrophages and acts upon them to amplify inflammatory responses"
"TNF inhibitors such as infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept are biologics, and are widely used to modify disease."
"TNF-alpha and its receptors"
"TNF-alpha exerts its effects through two distinct receptors that underpin its functional ambivalence: TNFR1 (p55), which triggers intracellular "death domains" to mediate apoptosis, and TNFR2 (p75), which is involved in cell survival, proliferation, and immune modulation. The resulting biological response is context-dependent, determined by the ligand concentration and the specific receptor profile expressed by the target cell at any given time 4-7."
"TNF-α was identified as a serum factor capable of inducing haemorrhagic necrosis in tumour cells by Lloyd Old and colleagues in the 1970s 1,2."
"TNF-alpha exerts its effects through two distinct receptors that underpin its functional ambivalence: TNFR1 (p55), which triggers intracellular "death domains" to mediate apoptosis, and TNFR2 (p75), which is involved in cell survival, proliferation, and immune modulation. The resulting biological response is context-dependent, determined by the ligand concentration and the specific receptor profile expressed by the target cell at any given time 4-7."
Expected headings
"TNF-alpha and its receptors "
"Etymology"
"lymphocytes: modulates T and B cell proliferation, survival and activation"
"TNF inhibitors such as infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept are biologics, and are widely used to modify disease."