"NOTE: This article has been transferred from mritutor.org and was last updated in March 5, 1996. Review and edit pending."
"NOTE: This article has been transferred from mritutor.org and was last updated in March 5, 1996. Review and edit pending. "
"NOTE: This article has been transferred from mritutor.org and was last updated in March 5, 1996. Review and edit pending."
"In clinical imaging the long plasma half-life allows enhancement of the kidneys for 60 minutes with little change in intensity. Significant improvement in detectability of lesions in the kidneys is demonstrated over unenhanced controls. Side effects include epigastric distress and transient burning at the injection site. Increase in serum iron levels and a transient elevation of serum liver enzymes (SGOT/SGPT) have been reported."
"In clinical imaging the long plasma half-life allows enhancement of the kidneys for 60 minutes with little change in intensity. Significant improvement in detectability of lesions in the kidneys is demonstrated over unenhanced controls. Side effects include epigastric distress and transient burning at the injection site. Increase in serum iron levels and a transient elevation of serum liver enzymes (SGOT/SGPT) have been reported."
Expected headings
"Monoclonal antibodies"
"Metalloporphyrins"
"Nitroxides"
"Ferrioxamine methanesulfonate"
"Tumour specific MRI contrast agents are pharmaceuticals that are targeted to tumours, either specifically or nonspecifically. Monoclonal antibodies are targeted to specific tumours such as adenocarcinoma of the colon. Metalloporphyrins exhibit affinity for many tumour types including carcinoma, sarcoma, neuroblastoma, melanoma and lymphoma."
"Ferrioxamine methanesulfonate is a paramagnetic contrast agent that has undergone phase I and phase II clinical trials for use as an IV and retrograde contrast agent for the kidneys, ureters and bladder. It is more stable than Gd-DTPA, though its relaxivity is somewhat less, as expected from it having 5 unpaired electrons, vs 7 unpaired electrons for Gd-DTPA. 80% is eliminated by renal excretion and 20% by hepatic excretion. Ferrioxamine undergoes renal excretion by glomerular filtration but is actively reabsorbed in the tubules. This results in a longer plasma half-life than Gd-DTPA (128 min. vs 20 min. in rats)."
"Monoclonal antibodies (McAb) are used successfully in nuclear medicine for localisation of tumours but an initial attempt at extending this use to MRI with paramagnetic (Gd3+) labelled antibodies was unsuccessful because of the estimated 800-fold lesser sensitivity of MRI. This problem can be addressed in several ways: 1) increasing the number of paramagnetic ions attached to the McAb; 2) attaching several paramagnetic ions to a macromolecule that in turn is attached to a McAb; 3) using more antibodies or those with an affinity to many antigenic sites per cell or both; and 4) using a superparamagnetic particle attached to the McAb. Implanted human colon carcinoma tumours in mice have been successfully imaged by using monoclonal antibodies with a large number of Gd-DTPA molecules attached."
"Monoclonal antibodies (McAb) are used successfully in nuclear medicine for localisation of tumours but an initial attempt at extending this use to MRI with paramagnetic (Gd3+) labelled antibodies was unsuccessful because of the estimated 800-fold lesser sensitivity of MRI. This problem can be addressed in several ways: 1) increasing the number of paramagnetic ions attached to the McAb; 2) attaching several paramagnetic ions to a macromolecule that in turn is attached to a McAb; 3) using more antibodies or those with an affinity to many antigenic sites per cell or both; and 4) using a superparamagnetic particle attached to the McAb. Implanted human colon carcinoma tumours in mice have been successfully imaged by using monoclonal antibodies with a large number of Gd-DTPA molecules attached."
"Monoclonal antibodies (McAb) are used successfully in nuclear medicine for localisation of tumours but an initial attempt at extending this use to MRI with paramagnetic (Gd3+) labelled antibodies was unsuccessful because of the estimated 800-fold lesser sensitivity of MRI. This problem can be addressed in several ways: 1) increasing the number of paramagnetic ions attached to the McAb; 2) attaching several paramagnetic ions to a macromolecule that in turn is attached to a McAb; 3) using more antibodies or those with an affinity to many antigenic sites per cell or both; and 4) using a superparamagnetic particle attached to the McAb. Implanted human colon carcinoma tumours in mice have been successfully imaged by using monoclonal antibodies with a large number of Gd-DTPA molecules attached."