"IIA TFC complex wear"
"IIB TFC complex wear, lunate or ulnar chondromalacia"
"IIC TFC complex perforation, lunate or ulnar chondromalacia"
"IID TFC complex perforation, lunate or ulnar chondromalacia, lunotriquetral ligament perforation"
"IIE TFC complex perforation, lunate or ulnar chondromalacia, lunotriquetral ligament perforation, ulnocarpal osteoarthritis"
"Palmer class IIA and IIB lesions (no TFC perforation) are managed with open wafer procedure (surgical resection of the distal 2-3 mm of the dome of the ulnar head) or formal ulnar shortening (excision of a 2-3 mm slice of the ulnar shaft followed by fixation)."
"When the TFC is perforated (Palmer class IIC and IID lesions), the head of the ulna can be burred down with the help of arthroscopic instrumentation (arthroscopic wafer procedure). This procedure is minimally invasive, highly effective, and allows rapid return to normal activities."
"degenerative arthritis of the wrist (SLAC wrist)"
"Madelung deformity"
"Patients present with chronic or subacute ulnar-sided wrist pain exacerbated by activity. There is often associated swelling and limitation of forearm and wrist movement. Anything that results in a relative increase in ulnar variance, such as a firm grip, pronation, or ulnar deviation of the wrist, can exacerbate symptoms."
"IIB TFC complex wear, lunate or ulnar chondromalacia"
"IIC TFC complex perforation, lunate or ulnar chondromalacia"
"IID TFC complex perforation, lunate or ulnar chondromalacia, lunotriquetral ligament perforation"
"IIE TFC complex perforation, lunate or ulnar chondromalacia, lunotriquetral ligament perforation, ulnocarpal osteoarthritis"
"MR imaging is the investigation of choice in both the detection of early disease and characterisation of more advanced disease. Can demonstrate the bone, cartilage and ligamentous features of the syndrome 3."