"The hernia may be observed on a number of different imaging modalities. Intravenous urography and CT urography may both identify an abnormal path taken by the ureter and show the curlicue ureter sign. Additional findings on these studies include the presence of hydronephrosis. MRI may help to define the hernia sac and it's contents, and relationship to the piriformis muscle."
Expected headings
"Types"
"These hernias are thought to occur due to weakening of the piriformis muscle, which is usually acquired secondary to increased intra-abdominal pressure due to pregnancy, constipation and trauma ref."
"Management, like most common hernias, includes determining if the hernia is reducible or symptomatic 2. Surgical management can include open or laparoscopic reduction, or stent placement if urinary obstruction is present 3. There is insufficient long term data to comment on the prognosis ref."