"It is a highly specific sign of late neurosyphilis, however can also occur in diabetic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, alcoholic midbrain degeneration, and stroke 2,3. When seen in these non-syphilitic aetiologies, the pupil is termed 'pseudo-Argyll Robertson pupil' 3. The exact anatomical lesion behind this phenomenon is unknown but is thought to be caused by bilateral damage of the pretectal nuclei in the midbrain."
"It is a highly specific sign of late neurosyphilis, however can also occur in diabetic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, alcoholic midbrain degeneration, and stroke 2,3. When seen in these non-syphilitic aetiologies, the pupil is termed 'pseudo-Argyll Robertson pupil' 3. The exact anatomical lesion behind this phenomenon is unknown but is thought to be caused by bilateral damage of the pretectal nuclei in the midbrain."