Radiopaedia Helpers

List Punctuation

error

"endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is used for flat dysplasia/early cancer and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is used for larger lesions requiring en bloc resection."

Line 66:175 · Do not put full stops at the end of a list item.

Adjectival Hyphens

error

"ongoing post-ablation lifelong surveillance and continued PPI treatment are recommended to detect recurrence"

Line 74:16 · Only use medical adjectival hyphens where the letters at the end and start of the compound word are the same, e.g. post-transplant. In this case, don't use the hyphen: 'post-ablation'.

En Dash

error

"The annual progression rate from non-dysplastic Barrett oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma is ~0.3–0.5%/year ¹². Low-grade dysplasia carries higher risk (~0.5–1.5%/year) and high-grade dysplasia substantially higher (~7–10%/year) ¹²."

Line 77:108 · Use a hyphen-minus ('-') instead of an en-dash ('–').

"The annual progression rate from non-dysplastic Barrett oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma is ~0.3–0.5%/year ¹². Low-grade dysplasia carries higher risk (~0.5–1.5%/year) and high-grade dysplasia substantially higher (~7–10%/year) ¹²."

Line 77:179 · Use a hyphen-minus ('-') instead of an en-dash ('–').

"The annual progression rate from non-dysplastic Barrett oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma is ~0.3–0.5%/year ¹². Low-grade dysplasia carries higher risk (~0.5–1.5%/year) and high-grade dysplasia substantially higher (~7–10%/year) ¹²."

Line 77:240 · Use a hyphen-minus ('-') instead of an en-dash ('–').

"Oesophageal adenocarcinoma has a 5-year survival ~20% overall, but much improved (~85–95% at T1a stage) if caught at an early/mucosal stage ¹³."

Line 78:89 · Use a hyphen-minus ('-') instead of an en-dash ('–').

Headings Spacing

error

"History and etymology "

Line 79:1 · Never put spaces at either end of headings.

Biographical Date Spacing

error

"Barrett oesophagus is named after Norman Rupert Barrett (1903-1979) ¹¹, an Australian-born thoracic surgeon, who first described the condition in 1950 ⁹."

Line 80:38 · In a biographical citation, the date should be correctly spaced: '<strong>Norman Rupert Barrett </strong>(1903'

Acronyms

warning

"non-dysplastic Barrett oesophagus is the most common finding: the ESGE 2023 guideline recommends surveillance every 5 years for segments ≥1 cm and"

Line 58:74 · 'ESGE' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"the ESGE 2023 and AGA guidelines now recommend:"

Line 61:8 · 'ESGE' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"the ESGE 2023 and AGA guidelines now recommend:"

Line 61:22 · 'AGA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

"low grade dysplasia (LGD) confirmed by two pathologists (due to inter-observer variation and the importance of distinguishing from inflammation-related atypia), 6-monthly endoscopy or consideration of RFA"

Line 63:209 · 'RFA' has no definition. Spell it out if it's unfamiliar to the audience.

Prefix Hyphens

warning

"low grade dysplasia (LGD) confirmed by two pathologists (due to inter-observer variation and the importance of distinguishing from inflammation-related atypia), 6-monthly endoscopy or consideration of RFA"

Line 63:72 · A prefix takes a hyphen only to avoid a duplicate letter: 'inter-observer'.

Strong

warning

"Barrett oesophagus is named after Norman Rupert Barrett (1903-1979) ¹¹, an Australian-born thoracic surgeon, who first described the condition in 1950 ⁹."

Line 80:38 · Generally, don't use bold in text: '<strong>Norman Rupert Barrett </strong>'

Headings Valid

warning

Expected headings

H1 Terminology
H1 Usage
H1 Epidemiology
H2 Risk factors
H2 Associations
H1 Clinical presentation
H2 Complications
H1 Diagnosis
H2 Diagnostic criteria
H2 Diagnostic clues
H1 Pathology
H2 Aetiology
H2 Location
H2 Classification
H2 Macroscopic appearance
H2 Microscopic appearance
H2 Immunophenotype
H2 Markers
H2 Genetics
H1 Radiographic features
H2 Plain radiograph
H2 Mammography
H2 Antenatal ultrasound
H2 Transoesophageal echocardiography
H2 Ultrasound
H2 CT
H3 Dual-energy CT
H2 Angiography (DSA)
H2 MRI
H2 CT/MRI
H2 Nuclear medicine
H3 PET-CT
H3 PET-MRI
H1 Radiology report
H1 Treatment and prognosis
H2 Complications
H1 History and etymology
H1 Differential diagnosis
H2 Clinical differential diagnosis
H1 Practical points
H1 See also

"Risk factors"

Line 6:1 · "Risk factors" is under the wrong parent heading (found under "Diagnosis").

"Fluoroscopy"

Line 25:1 · "Fluoroscopy" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Treatment"

Line 53:1 · "Treatment" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"Prognosis"

Line 76:1 · "Prognosis" is not a recognised heading for this article type.

"History and etymology "

Line 79:1 · "History and etymology " is not a recognised heading for this article type.

There Is

suggestion

"There are regional variations in the specific requirements for recognition of the gastro-oesophageal junction and the histological definition of Barrett oesophagus. Some require intestinal metaplasia with goblet cells."

Line 5:4 · Don't start a sentence with 'There are'.

Semicolons

suggestion

"Because Barrett oesophagus represents metaplasia, it is often occult on imaging. Early oesophageal adenocarcinoma arising out of Barrett oesophagus may also be difficult to see. No radiological modality is adequate for screening or diagnosis; these rely on endoscopy and biopsy."

Line 24:259 · Use semicolons judiciously.

"Fluoroscopy has poor sensitivity for early adenocarcinoma and these signs are often subtle or absent; endoscopy with biopsy remains the gold standard."

Line 51:104 · Use semicolons judiciously.

Oxford Comma

suggestion

"localised flattening, stiffening or irregularity in the wall of a stricture"

Line 44:18 · Use the Oxford comma in 'flattening, stiffening or irregularity'.

Lint: barrett-oesophagus