"Pathophysiologic “profiles,” based on standardised patterns of artifacts are then built, and a tentative pathophysiologic basis for the acute respiratory failure proposed. The chief aim of the protocol is to suggest a diagnosis with a target overall accuracy just over 90% (90.5%) with a simple, easy-to-purchase machine and a single, universal probe, without Doppler or other amenities."
"Bedside lung ultrasound in emergency (BLUE) is a basic point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) examination performed for undifferentiated respiratory failure at the bedside, immediately after the physical examination, and before echocardiography."
"posterior and/or lateral alveolar and/or pleural syndrome (PLAPS)"
"manually define anatomy: the operator's left (upper BLUE) hand and right (lower BLUE) hands, the upper placed in apposition to and parallel with the patient's clavicle, the tips of the digits touching the midline"
"manually define anatomy: the operator's left (upper BLUE) hand and right (lower BLUE) hands, the upper placed in apposition to and parallel with the patient's clavicle, the tips of the digits touching the midline"
"the upper BLUE point is defined between the third and fourth digits of the upper BLUE hand, at their palmar insertion"
"the upper BLUE point is defined between the third and fourth digits of the upper BLUE hand, at their palmar insertion"
"the lower BLUE point corresponds to the middle of the palm of the lower BLUE hand"
"the lower BLUE point corresponds to the middle of the palm of the lower BLUE hand"
"anterior lung sliding (at bilateral upper BLUE points) is checked first, as its presence effectively rules out pneumothorax; anterior B lines are simultaneously sought (the B profile suggests pulmonary oedema)"
"If absent, PLAPS is sought - its presence (A profile plus PLAPS) suggests pneumonia; its absence suggests COPD/asthma"
"If absent, PLAPS is sought - its presence (A profile plus PLAPS) suggests pneumonia; its absence suggests COPD/asthma"
"Daniel A Lichtenstein (fl. 2021), French intensivist, designed the BLUE protocol 9."
"A'-profile: A-profile with abolished lung sliding"
"B'-profile: B-profile with abolished lung sliding"
"A/B-profile: unilateral B lines, contralateral A-lines"
"A'-profile: A-profile with abolished lung sliding"
"B'-profile: B-profile with abolished lung sliding"
Expected headings
"Profiles"
"Findings"
"False negatives"
"False positives"
"correlated with interstitial oedema; they are defined according to seven criteria"
"anterior lung sliding (at bilateral upper BLUE points) is checked first, as its presence effectively rules out pneumothorax; anterior B lines are simultaneously sought (the B profile suggests pulmonary oedema)"
"If absent, PLAPS is sought - its presence (A profile plus PLAPS) suggests pneumonia; its absence suggests COPD/asthma"
"centimetric in size, concave or curvilinear in shape, alveolar consolidation"