"Risk factors for the formation of sludge include total parenteral nutrition, prematurity, diuretics, cephalosporins, congenital heart disease, increased bilirubin load due to haemolytic conditions, infection, starvation, dehydration, cystic fibrosis, and malabsorptive syndromes 3."
"the sludge tends to be slightly hyperechogenic to the liver parenchyma, without posterior acoustic shadowing; sludge in the gallbladder may be less echogenic than biliary duct sludge"
"Inspissated bile may resolve spontaneously or with use of ursodeoxycholic acid; however, in some cases, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous drainage (optionally with irrigation/lavage) may be required 3."