"OEIS complex (omphalocele, exstrophy of the cloaca, imperforate anus, and spinal defects)"
"Failure of the pubic bones to meet in the midline (widened pubic symphysis). There will be shortening of the pubic rami and acetabular retroversion. This appearance on AP plain radiograph of the pelvis has been likened to a manta ray swimming towards you (manta ray sign) 7. Hurley stick appearance of distal ureters has been described in excretory urogram 8."
"Imaging findings include a soft-tissue mass extending from a large infra-umbilical anterior wall defect which may be close to the umbilical arterial exits. The absence of a normal urinary bladder and a low-lying umbilical cord insertion 4 may also indicate the diagnosis."
Expected headings
"Associations"
"General"
"In females"
"Serological markers"
"Complications"
"The estimated incidence of bladder exstrophy is 1:10,000-50,000 live births 3,5. There is a recognised male predilection with a male-to-female ratio of ~3:1 6. Most cases are sporadic."